龙岗区平湖街道登革热防控知识应急健康教育效果

The effect of emergency health education about dengue prevention and control at Pinghu street of Longgang district

目的通过调查分析深圳市龙岗区平湖街道社区居民在发生登革热疫情后,接受的登革热知识应急健康教育对居民认知水平的影响,为制定今后的健康教育策略提供科学依据。方法选取平湖街道发生登革热疫情的社区居民作为干预组,以未发生登革热疫情且基本情况相似的2个社区居民为对照组,分析两组居民的登革热防控知识知晓情况、相关行为差异。结果共收集有效问卷301份(干预组102份,对照组199份)。干预组中知晓登革热有关知识的调查对象多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.936,P=0.047)。干预组灭蚊行为(χ~2=4.308,P=0.038)、怀疑登革热时的积极就医行为(χ~2=4.155,P=0.042)和到国外登革热疫区前咨询行为率(χ~2=6.557,P=0.010)高于对照组。对照组知晓蚊子活动高峰期的调查对象多于干预组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.119,P=0.024)。调查对象目前获取登革热防控知识主要通过宣传画/栏(60.1%)、传单/折页等(47.3%)、电视公益播报(39.9%)。而调查对象认为理想的健康教育方式主要为手机短信(76.8%)、微信(76.8%)、电视公益播报(62.1%)、网络信息(56.4%)。结论尽管在疫情处置过程中对干预组进行多种形式的应急健康教育,部分知识的健教效果不明显。现有的登革热健教传播方式与居民所期望的健教传播方式不完全一致。后续应急健康教育方案需改进。

Objective To provide scientific evidence for future health education strategies formulation by studying the changes of the community residents＇ cognitive level on dengue after an emergency health education of dengue at Pinghu street of Longgang district in Shenzhen. Methods Selecting dengue epidemic community residents as intervention group and residents in the other two communities without dengue outbreak and the basic situation were similar to intervention group as the control group. The residents in intervention group were educated by different health education activities. Then the differences of knowledge about dengue prevention and control knowledge prevention behaviors between two groups were analyzed. Results 301 valid questionnaires （intervention group, 102, the control group, 199） were collected. The rate of knowing dengue in intervention group was higher than that of control group （X^2=3.936, P=0.047）. The rate of mosquito eradication behavior （X^2=4.308, P=0.038）, medical-care-seeking behavior when suspecting gettinga dengue fever （X^2=4.155, P=0.042） and consulting behavior before going to dengue epidemic area （X^2=6.557, P=0.010） were higher jn intervention group. However, there were more respondents in the control group knew mosquito activity peak （X^2=5.119, P=0.024）. Respondents got dengue prevention and control knowledge mainly through posters （60.1%）, leaflets/folding （47.3%）, public broadcasting television （39.9%）. But respondents thought the ideal health education dissemination way were short messages （76.8%） or WeChat （76.8%） , public broadcast television （62.1%） and the network （56.4%）. Conclusion Although on the process of dealing with the outbreak of dengue, various kinds of emergency health education were conducted in intervention group; dengue prevention and control knowledge level of intervention group was not better than that of the control group, which meant the health education effect of some knowledge was not obvious. The main existing ways of health education were different from expected ways of residents. Subsequent emergency health education plans need to be changed.