自然万物的生存智慧——从《庄子》中自然物对待作为其生存环境、生存资源的他物的角度看

The Nature Things' Living Wisdom——From a Point of View of the Nature Things Treat the Outside Things as Their Living Environment and Living Resources in “Zhuangzi”

作为自然万物的生存环境与生存资源的他物都是完美的,是不需要也不可以改变的。所谓他物的不完美乃是超越了他物的本性、能力而对于他物的过高的、无理的要求。面对他物的缺陷、不完美甚至有害性以及潜在的危害性,自然万物所能做的就是认识他物的属性、特点而不触及其有害性、潜在的危害性,不改变他物而适应他物,不改变他物而战胜、超越他物。自然万物即便为了生存而不得不伤害作为生产或生活资料的他物时,也要对他物充满感恩、愧疚之心,在伤害之前、伤害之时要善待他物,尽量减少其痛苦与恐惧,同时尽量俭省自己的需求,从而减少对他物数量与种类的需求。而要做到这些,需要自然万物懂得知足。

As the living environment and living resources of the nature things,the outside things are perfect,do not need to also can not to have a change,their imperfection is the result that unreasonable and steep demands for the outside things which is beyond their nature and ability.In the face of the outside things’limitation,imperfection,harmfulness and potential hazards,what the nature things can possibly do is knows the nature and feature of the outside things and neglecting their harmfulness and potential hazards,accommodate,overcome and transcend but not change the outside things.When the nature things have to harm the outside things to get means of subsistence and production,they would be full of gratitude and shame and be kind to the outside things to reduce their pain and panic,they would try to save their needs,and then they can reduce the quantity and kind of the outside things.To do this,the nature things must understand contentment.