台湾私立大学评鉴制度——基于铭传大学的案例

The Private University Assessment and Evaluation System in the Taiwan Region:A Case Study of Ming Chuan University

台湾私立大学评鉴制度自实施以来,先后经历了三个阶段:初始期(1975年-1990年)开展学门评鉴,由台湾"教育部"直接负责规划与办理,对私立大学院校之物理、数学、化学、医学及牙医五个学门的学系和研究所进行评鉴,后逐渐扩展到农、工、医、商、文、法及师范学院;成长期(1991年-2005年)开展校务评鉴,将大学评鉴委托给中国机电工程学会、台湾管理科学学会、中国工程机械学会,由学术团体专门负责;成熟期(2006年至今)开展系所评鉴,这一阶段台湾"教育部"委托台湾评鉴协会进行公私立大学的评鉴,2006年以后,以系所为单位,以五年为一周期,评鉴全台湾78所一般大学院校,并将评鉴结果作为教育部门核定系所招生名额调整的依据。台湾私立大学评鉴制度每一阶段评鉴的内容和主体都发生了较大变化,原因在于政府职能重新定位,评鉴主体从政府主导转向第三方评估,受新自由主义的影响,评鉴理念由认可制向绩效评价转变。以私立铭传大学为案例,可将台湾私立大学评鉴制度分为自我评鉴、外部评鉴和国际认证三种类型,每种类型都有详细的认证标准和认证程序。从铭传大学评鉴制度的特点来看,评鉴对象和内容更具广泛性,评鉴委员的遴选更具针对性,评鉴标准和方法更能突出学校特色。台湾私立大学评鉴制度未来将会朝着淡化评鉴结果与行政奖惩挂钩,协助学校开设自我评鉴,检讨评鉴指标和促进大学特色发展的方向改进。

Taiwan private university assessment and evaluation system has been experienced three stages since its implementation.In the stage of initialization(from 1975 to 1990),disciplinary assessment and evaluation was carried out by the education department in Taiwan region,which was directly responsible for the planning and handling,and evaluated departments and institutions of five disciplines including physics,mathematics,chemistry,medicine and dentistry in private universities,then gradually extending to the schools of agriculture,industry,medicine,commerce,liberal arts and education.In the stage of growth(from 1991 to 2005),school assessment and evaluation was carried out and entrusted to academic associations,including Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering,Chinese Management Association,and China Construction Machinery Society.In the stage of maturity(from 2006 up to now),departmental and institutional assessment and evaluation has been being carried out,and the education department in Taiwan region has been entrusting Taiwan Assessment and Evaluation Association to engage in evaluation of public and private universities.Since 2006,it has been responsible for assessing and evaluating 78 normal universities in Taiwan based on the period of five years and the unit of a department or an institution.The assessment and evaluation results are regarded as the basis of the enrollment quota adjustment of departments and institutions.The assessment and evaluation content and subject have changed a lot in each stage:its subject has shifted from the leading role of government to the evaluation of the third party because of reorientation of government functions,and the idea of assessment and evaluation has changed from accreditation system to performance assessment upon the influence of neo-liberalism.Taking Ming Chuan University as an example,Taiwan private university assessment and evaluation system consists of three types including self-evaluation,external evaluation and international accreditation,each of which has detailed accreditation standard and procedure.From the viewpoint of the characteristics thereof,the subject and content of assessment and evaluation have more universality;the selection of assessment and evaluation committees has more objectives;the standards and methods can represent more characteristics of the university.Taiwan private university assessment and evaluation system will move towards the directions of weakening the link of assessment and evaluation results with administrative rewards and punishments,and assisting the university with initiating self-evaluation and self-criticism evaluation index to promote its characteristic development.