流感疫苗与肺炎球菌疫苗接种对预防COPD急性发作的疗效分析

Analysis of the efficacy of influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine in the prevention of acute episode of COPD

目的分析流感疫苗与肺炎球菌疫苗预防慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)急性发作的疗效。方法选择2012年7月至2013年7月我院收治的120例COPD急性发作患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组、研究A组和研究B组各40例。对照组患者不接种任何疫苗,研究A组接种流感疫苗,研究B组患者采用流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗联合接种的方案。比较3组患者病情改善情况、并发症发生率和死亡率。结果与对照组患者相比,研究A、B组患者急性发作次数、持续时间、住院次数及住院时间,均明显减少,急性发作时间间隔明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究A、B两组患者上述指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接种24 h内,患者均未出现感染、发热及接种部位出血等不良反应。随访1年,对照组中因COPD急性发作死亡3例,研究A组和研究B组均无死亡病例。结论 COPD患者接种流感疫苗后可有效预防病情的急性发作,且具有较高的安全性;但是否采取疫苗联合接种来预防COPD急性发作尚需临床酌情考虑。

Objective To analyze the efficacy of influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine in the prevention of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）.Methods From July 2012 to July 2013,120 cases of COPD patients with disease acute episode were enrolled in this study,and were divided into control group,experimental group A and experimental group B,with 40 cases in each group. Patients in control group without any vaccinations,the experimental group A was given influenza vaccination,and patients in experimental group B were given influenza vaccine combined with pneumococcal vaccine. The condition improvement,the occurrence of complication and mortality of the three groups were compared.Results The acute attack times,duration,frequency of stay and length of stay of experimental group A and B were significantly less than those of the control group,and acute onset time interval was significantly longer,there was statistical significance（P 〈0. 05）. There was no statistical significance between the experimental group A and B of above indexes（P 〉0. 05）. No adverse reactions were found in the three groups. Follow-up found,3 patients died of acute COPD in the control group,and there were no death in the experimental A and B groups. Conclusions COPD patients with the vaccination of flu-vaccines can effectively prevent the acute attack of disease,and has high security. Whether to take combination vaccines to prevent acute exacerbations of COPD still need to consider clinical discretion.