高职实习护生职业决策自我效能感相关因素分析

Study on the career decision-making self-efficacy of higher vocational nursing students during practice

目的 了解专科护生实习期间职业决策自我效能感现状,并分析其与专业承诺、情绪智力之间的相关性,为专科护生职业生涯的发展、就业指导、职业教育提供依据.方法 于2016年4—5月在长沙市卫生职业学校整群随机抽取临近就业（距离临床实习结束〈3个月）6个护理专科班的学生作为调查对象,当场发放、当场回收调查问卷,问卷由一般资料调查表、职业决策自我效能感量表、专业承诺量表、情绪智力量表组成.利用SPSS 22.0中文版进行数据统计和分析.结果 高职护生实习期间职业决策自我效能感平均每题得分（3.16±0.43）分;在自我评价、收集信息、制订规划、问题解决方面,不同年制（三年制大专—高中起点,五年制大专—初中起点）差异具有统计学意义（t值分别为2.72、2.70、2.88、2.54;P〈0.05）;是否为独生子女的护生得分比较,差异具有统计学意义（t值分别为2.53、3.09、3.71、2.43;P〈0.05）;专业承诺、大部分情绪智力维度与职业决策自我效能感存在正相关关系（r值分别为0.568、0.361、0.509、0.435、0.390、0.360、0.373、0.176、0.348;P〈0.05）;感情承诺、理想承诺、规范承诺、情绪发展四个因子对职业决策自我效能感总分具有正预测作用（t值分别为3.492、2.633、2.116、1.862;P〈0.10）,可解释总变异的38.1%.结论 高职护生实习期间的职业决策自我效能感整体水平不高,专业承诺、情绪智力对职业决策自我效能感具有一定的影响.高职学校应积极提高学生的专业承诺、情绪智力水平,加强职业角色的培养,促进护生成功就业.

Objective To investigate the current situation of career decision-making self-efficacy of higher vocational nursing students during practice,and analyze the relationship between professional commitment,emotional intelligence and career decision-making self-efficacy to provide reference for the career development,career guidance and career education.Methods Nursing students from 6 classes （less than 3 months until the end of clinical practice） in Changsha Health Vocational College were randomly selected from April to May 2016. The questionnaires were distributed and taken back on the spot. The questionnaires consisted of general information questionnaire,career decision-making self-efficacy scale,professional commitment scale and emotional intelligence scale. The Chinese version of SPSS 22.0 was used for data statistics and analysis. Results The average score of career decision-making self-efficacy was （3.16±0.43）. In self-assessment, information-acquisition,planning and problem-solving aspects,the differences of students between 3-year system （starting point from high school） and 5-year system （starting point from junior school） were statistically significant （t=2.72,2.70,2.88,2.54;P〈0.05）. Statistically significant difference was observed between the scores of the only-child students and the non-only-child students （t=2.53,3.09,3.71,2.43;P〈0.05）. Professional commitment,most dimensions of emotional intelligence were positively correlated with career decision-making self-efficacy （r=0.568,0.361,0.509,0.435,0.390,0.360,0.373,0.176,0.348;P〈0.05）. Emotive commitment,ideal commitment,normative commitment and emotional development were positive predictors of career decision-making self-efficacy scores which explained 38.1% of the total variance （t=3.492, 2.633,2.116,1.862;P〈0.10）.Conclusions The level of career decision-making self-efficacy of higher vocational nursing during practice was not high. Professional commitment and emotional intelligence affect the career decision-making self-efficacy. Higher vocational college should improve levels of professional commitment and emotional intelligence of the students,strengthen the cultivation of professional role and promote successful employment of nursing students.