劳动力成本上升、倒逼式创新与中国企业加成率动态

Increasing Labor Costs,Forced Innovation and Markup Dynamics of Chinese Industrial Firms

本文将劳动力成本纳入扩展的Melitz-Ottaviano模型中,论证了劳动力成本上升对企业加成率的动态影响。在理论分析基础上,我们利用中国工业企业数据进行经验研究,结果显示:(1)企业平均工资提高会引起当期企业加成率下降;(2)劳动力成本上升对于劳动密集型企业、国有企业和西部企业的影响较大;(3)企业跨越一定门槛效应后,可以通过"工艺创新效应"和"质量升级效应"实现加成率动态提升;(4)行业技术水平和省份制度因素会影响企业创新行为。

Based on the extended M-O model,this paper introduces the labor costs in the theoretical model to discuss the dynamic effects of rising labor costs on firm-level markups. The theoretical analysis shows that rising labor costs have negative effects on current markups. The authors empirically verify the theoretical prediction using the data of Chinese industrial firms. The empirical results show that：（ 1） an increase in the average wages of a firm will cause the decrease of its firm-level markups;（ 2） the negative effect of labor costs is larger for labor-intensive firms,state-owned enterprises（ SOEs） and west-region firms than their counterparts;（ 3） firms can improve the markups by＂process innovation effects＂and＂quality upgrading effects＂after a certain threshold;（ 4） the technical level of the industry and provincial institutions will affect the firm’s innovation behavior.