乳腺癌影响因素的研究进展

Research progress on influencing factors of breast cancer

乳腺癌在大部分西方国家为高发的恶性肿瘤之一,其死亡率很高,为40~50岁年龄段妇女的主要死亡原因。我国乳腺癌占全身各种恶性肿瘤的7%~10%,部分大城市如北京、上海、广州等均报道其女性乳腺癌占恶性肿瘤之首位。近年来,乳腺癌的发病率逐年上升,发病年龄趋于年轻化,其分子表型和临床表现各异,发病原因复杂,影响因素众多。同时,各种类型的流行病学研究均显示:年龄与生理生育因素、激素、遗传、生活方式和社会环境因素等仍是影响乳腺癌发病的主要因素,但目前尚不能用单因素或者多因素的模型来解释乳腺癌的发生及发展机制。由于对高危人群进行筛查和预防性用药的普及,乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率已大大降低,因此,了解影响乳腺癌发生的主要因素、预防其危险因素、注重其保护因素有利于早期预防和诊断乳腺癌,并且能为高危人群的筛检提供干预性措施。

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors in most Western countries with high fatality rate. Breast cancer is the major cause of death of women between 40 and 50 years of age. Breast cancer occupied 7%~10% in various malignant tumors in our country. Some big cities, such Shanghai and Guangzhou have reported that breast cancer is in the first place in the malignan as Beijing, t tumors. In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer is gradually increasing year by year, and the age of onset tends to be younger. Breast cancer is characterized by its molecular and clinical heterogeneity and the etiopathogenisis of breast cancer is very complex with many influencing factors. Various epidemiologic study showed that the influencing factors of breast cancer are age, physiology and reproductive factors, hormone, inheritance, lifestyle, social environment and so on. Its pathogenesis and development cannot be completely elucidated by one-factor or muhiplefactor model. The incidence and the mortality of breast cancer have fallen down due to screening and prophylactic therapy for high-risk population, so it is of great significance to comprehend the main influencing factors of breast cancer, to prevent the risk factors, and to pay attention to its protective factors which is helpful to prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer and to provide intervention measures for screening high-risk groups.