儿童意外伤害研究进展

Progress in unintentional injuries of children

意外伤害影响着儿童的生命和生存质量,已成为当今主要社会问题之一。无论发达国家还是发展中国家,意外伤害都是0~14岁儿童的首位死因,也是儿童致伤、致残的主要原因。儿童意外伤害的类型主要是跌倒、动物伤、钝器伤、利器伤和机动车交通事故,不仅影响儿童的身心健康、正常发育和学习,同时也给家庭乃至社会造成了巨大的经济损失。儿童意外伤害的发生是多种因素综合作用的结果,因此,采取综合、针对性的防范措施,有效减少儿童意外伤害的发生,对保障儿童身心健康和生命安全具有重大意义。近年来,我国儿童意外伤害的相关研究虽然较多,也取得了很大的进展,但是儿童意外伤害现象仍较普遍,严重威胁着14岁以下儿童的身体健康。本文对儿童意外伤害的流行病学特征及影响因素方面的研究予以综述,以期为我国进一步开展相关研究及干预提供依据。

Unintentional injury is one of the main social problem which threatens the life and life quality of children. It has become the first cause of death of children aged from 0 to 14, and it has been the main cause of trauma and disability of children both in developed and developing countries. The main type of children unintentional injury include falls, animal attack, blunt injury, sharp injury and traffic accident damage, with serious impacts on children＇s physical and mental health, normal development and learning, causing huge economic losses to the society and family. The unintentional injury of children is a result of many factors, so it is of great significance to ensure the safety and health of children by taking synthetical and targeted preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of unintentional injury. The research on children＇s unintention al injury in our country has gradually increased recently, and a great progress has been made, however, children＇s unintentional injury is still widespread, which seriously threatens the health of children under 14 years old. This paper reviews the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of unintentional injuries in children, in order to provide the basis for further research and intervention in China.