从本体论到工夫论:董仲舒的气论思想

On Dong Zhongshu's Qi Theory

董仲舒的气论思想是相当系统的。气论由元气、天气、人气等几个部分组成,其中,元气是董仲舒气论的基础。元气是由本体"元"最先生出的气,是宇宙间一切气的本原。元气经过分化之后,最先生出天气,如阴阳、五行等气。而人气则指与人相关的血气、性情之气等,这种人气是源于天的。天施加给人的气并非皆是中和之气,但人可以通过后天的"养气"工夫,最终达到与天道一致的"中和"状态。

The theory of qi （气 vital energy or life force） is very systematic in Dong Zhongshu＇s thought. Dong＇s theory of qi is composed of yuanqi （元气 vigor）, tianqi （天气 vitality of heaven） and renqi （人气 human beings＇ energies） etc. As the basis of Dong＇s qi theory, yuanqi is the first product of the ontological yuan and the origin of other types of qi in the universe. Tianqi and renqi are both products of yuanqi. Tianqi includes such qi＇s as yin and yang （阴阳） and the five elements （五行 wuxing） . Renqi refers to such qi＇s as scueqi （血气 animal spirit） and xingqing （性情 temperament） . Renqi is derived from heaven. However, all kinds of renqi are not harmonized life force endowed by heaven. And human beings can eventually attain the state of harmony （00~ zhonehe） bv way of cultivntin qi.