红外光谱分析技术在浮选过程中的应用研究进展

Progresses in Applications of Infrared Spectral Analysis Technology to Flotation Process

随着浮选研究的深入发展,以捕收剂为核心的浮选药剂作用机理的研究逐渐成为研究焦点。红外光谱以速度快、成本低、无损等特点成为浮选药剂作用机理研究最为重要的手段之一。首先从文献报道数量和比例说明红外光谱在该研究中的重要地位,并总结了常见浮选药剂的红外光谱特征,最后分别阐述了红外光谱在捕收剂、抑制剂、活化剂等浮选药剂作用机理中的应用研究进展。归纳出红外光谱用于判定捕收剂在矿物表面作用三种机制的判据:如果捕收剂作用后的矿物表面有新的吸收峰,则捕收剂在矿物表面发生了化学反应;如果仅有吸收峰的位置发生移动,并超过测试设备本身误差范围的移动量,则捕收剂在矿物表面形成的是化学吸附;排除上述产生的新红外特征吸收峰和红外特征峰的移动,且通过反复水洗即可清除表面沾染的捕收剂分子,则捕收剂在矿物表面发生的是物理吸附。并指出红外光谱在浮选过程中的应用研究存在的两大问题,一是将捕收剂与矿物表面的化学反应和化学吸附机理混淆;二是忽视红外光谱仪器吸收峰位移2~4cm-1背景误差。展望未来红外光谱在浮选过程中的应用研究应该着眼于多种药剂混合用药在矿物表面作用机理的研究,该领域内红外光谱的定量分析研究及红外光谱吸收峰位移的背景误差分析等三方面。

Along with the development of flotation theories and practices,the mechanism of the interaction between the flotation reagents and minerals has become the focus of current researches.Infrared spectral analysis technology has gained considerable popularity,thus it has became one of the most important research techniques in the field of action mechanism of flotation reagents with the characteristics of high speed,low cost and nondestructive.Firstly,the important status of infrared spectroscopy is introduced in view of the amount and rate of related literature.Then,infrared spectrum characteristics of common flotation reagents are summarized.Finally,progresses in applications of infrared spectral analysis technology to the collector,inhibitor and activator are described respectively.With this basis,infrared spectrum analysis criteria for action mechanisms of collectors on mineral surfaces are proposed.The chemical reaction between mineral and collector happened when the characteristic peaks of new compound can be found on the treated mineral surfaces.If only the positions of the characteristic peaks are shifted,and the displacement of this shift exceeded the background error of instrument,the chemical adsorption can be confirmed.If the characteristic peaks of new compound cannot be found and the positions of the characteristic peaks are not shifted but distilled water could wash the collectors down from the treated mineral surfaces,the physical adsorption must be confirmed.Meanwhile,two problems in this research field are discussed.On the one hand,mechanism of chemical reaction and chemical adsorption are often confused,on the other hand,background error of the infrared spectrum instrument tends to be ignored.Furthermore,the application of infrared spectroscopy in flotation need to be further investigated in three aspects,including the mechanism of mixing flotation reagents,quantitative analysis and error analysis.