网络游戏成瘾与海洛因成瘾存在相同的神经机制吗?--基于MRI的证据

Are both neural mechanisms of Internet gaming and heroin addicts the same? Research evidence based on MRI

网游成瘾与海洛因成瘾具有许多相似的临床表现,但其神经机制是否相同还不得而知。综合近5年来的MRI研究发现,两类成瘾存在部分相同区域的脑结构和功能损害,且在成瘾线索诱发下二者的4个成瘾相关环路(认知控制环路、奖赏环路、动机环路和记忆-学习环路)均出现了广泛而增强的脑区激活反应。但海洛因成瘾的脑损害区域偏向更高级的认知控制环路和奖赏环路,损害范围也更广(4个环路的功能连通性均降低),而网游成瘾的脑损害主要发生在相对低级的记忆-学习环路和动机环路,损害范围也较窄(功能连通性降低只发生在认知控制和记忆-学习环路之间)。这些结果说明,两类成瘾行为的神经机制既有相同点,又有差异性。

There are several similar clinical manifestations between Internet gaming and heroin addicts; however, it is still unclear whether their neural mechanisms are the same or not. Recent five years of magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） studies found that these two types of addicts illustrate brain structural and functional impairments, and also enhanced activity（partially in the same field） in four addiction related circuits（the cognitive control, reward, motivation, and memory-learning circuits） under the addictive information-induced state, which induces strong craving. On one hand, the brain damage of heroin addicts cover larger brain areas, such as cognitive control and reward circuits that causes wider range of damage（four circuits all decreased in functional connectivity）. On the other hand, the brain collapse of gaming addicts occurs mainly on relatively low-level brain areas, such as memory learning and motivation circuits, which causes a relatively narrow range of lost（functional connectivity reduction occurs only in cognitive control and memory-learning circuits）. All these results indicate that the neural mechanisms of the Internet gaming and heroin addicts have both similarities and differences.