摘要
本文在厘清类型学"施格"与形式语法"非宾格"(作格)等相关概念的基础上,指出汉语不是任何意义上的施格类型语言,动词及物性分类、"把"字句等问题均属形式语法非宾格现象,而非类型学施格格局。类型学施格的本质是动词与核心论元之间语法关系的形态编码方式,或落实于名词/代词论元,或落实于核心动词。文章也提出一种鉴别施格语言的广义标准,并以此标准考察了78种施格语言的语法关系标记模式。
The misuse of ＂ergativity＂ and relevant terms is rooted in the different interpretations in linguistic typology and formal syntax （notably generative grammar）. This paper revisits the problems majorly by （re-）introducing the no- tion in the framework of typology. It claims that ergativity is a formal coding strategy of grammatical relations between the verb and its core arguments. This work sheds light on the analysis of some complex syntactic structures in Chinese （e. g. the ba-construction） and shows that the so-called ergative structures in Chinese are invariably unaccusative in nature. A set of criteria of ergative alignment is proposed accordingly and a sample of 78 languages is analyzed.
出处
《外国语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第4期25-33,共9页
Journal of Foreign Languages
基金
教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"汉藏语选择问句的类型学研究"(15YJC740054)
教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目"施格语言语序的类型学研究"(第50批)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目
关键词
施格
非宾格
语法关系
形态标记
ergativity
unaccusativity
grammatical relations
alignment
