广州港船舶停泊工况排放因子实测及排放量初步估算

Emission Factors and Preliminary Emission Estimates of Air Pollutants from Ships at Berth in the Guangzhou Port

为获取大型船舶停泊工况下排放因子,选取在广州港停泊的3艘总吨位>40×10~3t的大型货柜船为研究对象,登船采集其辅机尾气样品进行分析,并利用"碳平衡法"计算得到基于燃油消耗量的污染物排放因子.实测3艘大型货柜船CO_2排放因子分别为3 096、3 031和3 028 g·kg^(-1);NO_x排放因子分别为61.8、19.9和27.0 g·kg^(-1);CO排放因子分别为8.0、4.0和5.3 g·kg^(-1);SO_2排放因子分别为31.4、41.9和56.7 g·kg^(-1);PM_(2.5)排放因子分别为2.4、1.1和1.5 g·kg^(-1);VOCs排放因子分别为0.13、0.09和0.17 g·kg^(-1).结合广州港进出港船舶类型、船舶抵港次数、船舶停泊时间等调查数据,初步估算2014年广州港船舶停泊工况NO_x、CO、SO_2、PM_(2.5)和NH3的排放量分别为1 231、226、1 229、47.6和0.04 t,其中总吨位为10×10~3~50×10~3t的船舶对NO_x、CO、SO_2、PM_(2.5)和NH3的分担率最大,其次是总吨位>50×10~3t的船舶;VOCs的排放量为33.6 t,总吨位<3×10~3t的船舶分担率最大.

Three large container vessels over a tonnage of 40 ×10~3 t at berth in the Guangzhou Port were selected for determination of air pollutants in exhausts from auxiliary engines to obtain fuel-based emission factors（ EFs）. The fuel-based EFs for vessels A,B,and C at berth were 3 096,3 031,and 3 028 g·kg^（-1）,respectively,for CO_2; 61. 8,19. 9,and 27. 0 g·kg^（-1）for NO_x ; 8. 0,4. 0,and 5. 3g·kg^（-1）for CO; 31. 4,41. 9,and 56. 7 g·kg^（-1）for SO_2; 2. 4,1. 1,and 1. 5 g·kg^（-1）for PM_（2. 5）; and 0. 13,0. 09,and 0. 17 g·kg^（-1）for VOCs. With the basic information about ship types,arrival times,and berthing times,the emissions of NO_x ,CO,SO_2,PM_（2. 5）,and NH3 from a ship at berth in the Guangzhou Port in 2014 were roughly estimated to be 1 231,226,1 229,47. 6 and 0. 04 t,respectively,with ships with a tonnage of 10 ×10~3-50 ×10~3 t sharing the largest burdens,followed by ships over a tonnage of 50 ×10~3 t. Estimated emission of VOCs from ships at berth in the Guangzhou Port was about 33. 6 t,with vessels below a tonnage of 3 ×10~3 t contributing the most.