典型生活垃圾处理设施恶臭排放特征及污染评价

Odor Emission Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation from Typical Household Rubbish Disposal Facilities

为研究生活垃圾处理设施恶臭污染排放特征,分别在北京市生活垃圾填埋、焚烧、堆肥3种工艺的前处理车间采集恶臭样品,利用冷阱富集-气质联用(GC/MS)技术对恶臭气体进行分析.结果表明,检测到的恶臭物质主要分为6大类:芳香烃化合物、硫化物、卤代物、烯烃、烷烃和含氧有机物.其中,填埋工艺的前处理车间共检测出50种物质,质量浓度为100.069mg·m^(-3),理论臭气浓度OU_T为350.611,综合臭气指数N为25.448.焚烧工艺的前处理车间共检测出55种物质,质量浓度为36.052 mg·m^(-3),理论臭气浓度OU_T为141.434,综合臭气指数N为21.506.堆肥工艺的前处理车间共检测出34种物质,质量浓度为25.382 mg·m^(-3),理论臭气浓度OU_T为27.547,综合臭气指数N为14.401.利用阈稀释倍数的恶臭贡献值计算方法,初步识别填埋工艺的前处理车间特征恶臭污染物质为:二甲二硫醚、乙酸丁酯、对二乙苯和乙醇;焚烧工艺的前处理车间特征恶臭污染物质为:甲硫醇、二甲二硫醚、乙醇和柠檬烯;堆肥工艺的前处理车间特征恶臭污染物质为:乙醇、二甲二硫醚、乙酸丁酯和柠檬烯.

In order to study the characteristics of odors from typical household rubbish disposal facilities,samples were taken from pretreatment workshops of the landfill process,incineration process,and composting process in Beijing,and cold enrichment-GC/MS was used to determine the odor component qualitatively and quantitatively. Results indicated that six categories were detected in all samples： aromatic hydrocarbons,sulfides,halides,olefins,alkanes,and oxygen containing organic substances. In the pretreatment workshop of the landfill process,50 kinds of chemicals were detected,the total odor concentration was 100. 069 mg·m^（-3）,the theoretical odor concentration was 350. 611,and the comprehensive odor index was 25. 448. In the pretreatment workshop of the incineration process,55 kinds of chemicals were detected,the total odor concentration was 36. 052 mg·m^（-3）,the theoretical odor concentration was 141. 434,and the comprehensive odor index was 21. 506. In the pretreatment workshop of the composting process,34 kinds of chemicals were detected,the total odor concentration was 25. 382 mg·m^（-3）,the theoretical odor concentration was 27. 547,and the comprehensive odor index was 14. 401. Combined with the threshold of diluted multiples,the particular pollutants of the pretreatment workshop of the landfill process were dimethyl disulfide,butyl acetate,p-diethylbenzene,and ethanol. Similarly,the particular pollutants of the pretreatment workshop of the incineration process were methanethiol,dimethyl disulfide,ethanol,and limonene. The particular pollutants of the pretreatment workshop of the composting process were ethanol,dimethyl disulfide,butyl acetate,and limonene.