理解为先促进设计模式——一种理解性教学设计的框架

Understanding-based Design Mode: A Framework of Instruction Design

"理解为先促进设计模式"以获得真正的理解为落脚点,指导教师设计符合学生学习和认知规律的科学的单元课程,培养学生主动建构意义和学习迁移的能力,真正实现学以致用、融会贯通的学习效果。逆向设计是"理解为先促进设计模式"的重要逻辑思路,分为明确预期学习结果、确定达标证据、安排相关教学活动三个阶段,它遵循"以终为始"的设计思路,以目标为根本,确定合适的评估方式和教学活动,既确保课程的协调一致性,又显著提高教与学的有效性。因此,本文首先界定"理解为先促进设计模式"中"理解"的具体含义和所指代的六个不同维度,然后详细阐述"逆向设计"三个阶段的具体内容以及实际践行时的一些操作方法和建议。

Understanding-based design mode tends to acquire the real understanding so as to instruct teachers to design the scientific curriculum unit which can conform to student ＇s learning and cognitive rules,cultivate students＇ ability to construct meaning and transfer learning on their own in order to achieve the effect of truly applying their knowledge and mastering the learning. The reverse design is an important logic for ＂understanding based design mode＂,which can be divided into three stages： clarifying the expected learning results,determining the standard to reach,arranging the teaching related activities. It follows the design idea of ＂starting from the bottom＂,setting its goal as the basis,along with the appropriate assessment methods and teaching activities,to ensure the consistency of the curriculum,meanwhile to significantly improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning. This paper will first defines the specific meaning of ＂understanding＂in ＂understanding-based design mode＂and the six different dimensions it refers to,and then elaborates the specific contents of the three stages in reverse design,together with some of the operating methods and suggestions in practice.