论新三统学说:宋初以降学术思想之嬗变

On the Theory of New Three Schools: Academic Thoughts after the Song Dynasty

新三统学说系指宋初以降的道统、文统、正统学说。道统、文统学说为宋代树立了"汉—唐—宋"文化传承上的优越地位,正统学说则将之转化为"汉—唐—宋"政治绪统上的大国地位。新三统学说的学理特点是重《春秋》,重史学,重视"汉、唐、宋"后三代。提出新三统学说这一概念,有助于重新观照宋代学术思想的传承及演变。具体而言,宋初以降的学术思想嬗变历经五代旧学、新三统学说、荆公新学、道学等四个阶段。五代旧学重通礼(典制),新三统学说重史学(《春秋》),道学重义理(《易》)。在忽略史学、超越汉唐、直寻三代的理路上,荆公新学是从新三统学说走向道学的一种过渡。

The theory of New Three Schools refers to Confucian Orthodoxy School, Literary School and Ortho- doxy School after the early Song Dynasty. The three schools value historiography and three dynasties of the Han, the Tang and the Song. This theory is beneficial to the survey of inheritance and evolution of academic thoughts in the Song Dynasty. Concretely speaking, academic thoughts after the early Song Dynasty underwent four stages of Old School in the Five Dynasties, New Three Schools, Wang An-shi School and Confucian School. Every school has its own focus. Wang An-shi School is a transition from New Three Schools to Confu- cian School.