社会活动参与、健康促进与失能预防——基于积极老龄化框架的实证分析

Participation of Social Activities, Health Promotion and Disability Prevention: Empirical Analysis based on Active Ageing Structure

社会活动参与作为"积极老龄化"的核心内容,是影响老年人健康、预防失能的重要因素。文章以积极老龄化为框架,基于2014年中国老年人口健康纵向调查数据,估计社会活动参与对老年人健康与失能风险的影响。结果发现:(1)社会活动参与和老年人健康之间存在内生性,不考虑内生性会显著高估社会参与对老年人健康的正向影响,大约高估20.7%;(2)利用工具变量法解决内生性问题后,社会活动参与对老年人健康具有积极的正向影响,且结论具有稳健性;(3)社会活动参与具有显著、稳定的失能预防作用,相对于身体失能,社会活动参与对老年人工具性失能有更积极的预防作用;(4)社会活动参与对处于弱健康水平的老年人有更积极的影响。文章对积极老龄化理念的系统性认知进行辨析,并从核心支柱、辅助支柱两个角度,提出实践积极老龄化理念的框架性建议。

Participation of social activities, one of the core contents of Active Aging, is good for senior adults' health promotion and disability protection. With Active Aging perspective, this paper estimates unbiased impact of participation of social activities on elderly's health and disability by using Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey data in 2014. The results show that:(1) There exists endogeneity between participation of social activities and health of the old. The positive effect of participation of social activities on health is overestimated about 20.7 percent without consider endogeneity.(2) By using instrumental variable method to solve the endogeneity, the participation of social activities exerts positive impact on senior health, and the result is robustness.(3) Participation of social activities has disability prevention. Compared with body disability, it has more positive prevention to instrumental disability.(4) Participation of social activities has much larger impact on the elderly with lower health level. This paper further deepens the understanding of Active Aging, and brings forward a series of suggestions from core pillar and supplemental pillar viewpoints.