意义研究的流变:语义-语用界面视角

The Diachronic Transmutation of Meaning Theories:A Semantics-pragmatics Interface Study

本文旨在探讨意义研究的流变,聚焦于语境论和语义最简论两种对立的后格赖斯学说对经典格赖斯会话含义理论的批判与发展。经考察发现:1)针对格赖斯的"所言",语境论者采用扩展视角将语用因素或部分、或整体纳入所言,扩充经典格赖斯所言的内涵成分。而语义最简论者却采用窄化视角根除语用因素对语义的影响,保证语义的独立性,重构所言的触发因素;2)关于一般会话含义的处理,两派学者就其语用过程的性质形成三种解释路向:默认推理、语境推论和协同推理;3)围绕语用过程的解释,语境论和语义最简论就所言命题中的语用涉入倡导不同的补全路径,即强语境效应的自由充实和句法约束的逻辑扩展。本研究为该领域学者把握意义理论的新进展提供可行的观察视角和分析思路,也为初涉意义研究的新手描摹一幅概览意义理论发展脉络的清晰简图,以期推动意义研究的"博采-纵深"式发展。

The current research delves into the diachronic transmutation of meaning theories,focusing on the debates between two rival branches of thought in the post-Gricean pragmatics,namely contextualism and semantic minimalism,which both aim at remedying the imperfections of Grice's theoretical model. The results showthat: 1) Pertaining to 'what is said'in the Gricean sense,contextualism as an expansion viewgenerally enriches its intensions by encompassing partial or whole pragmatic contributions. Contrariwise,semantic minimalism as a reduction viewtends to demarcate semantics and pragmatics so as to ensure the independent status of semantics from pragmatics and reconstructs triggering factors of pragmatic intrusions. 2) Concerning the nature of generalized conversational implicatures( GCIs),the two schools also differ in their assessments and have seen to it as either default inference,or contextual relevance or the two in parallel. 3) Regarding the inferential mechanism of pragmatic process,two distinct processes have been formulated to explicate the pragmatic intrusions,namely and top-down,contextually-driven process of free enrichment and the bottom-up,linguistically mandated process of logical development. By reviewing these multiple gradient meaning models,this paper schematizes an up-to-date and precise description of the contemporary landscape of meaning theories,and provides a workable approach to meaning research for both experts and green hands in the hope of promoting its explorations and bringing it to a newfrontier in terms of width and depth.