叙述学发展的诗歌向度及其基点——关于构建诗歌叙述学的思考

The Poetic Demension and the Preliminary Issues in the Development of Narratology:A Reflection on the Construction of Poetic Narratology

叙述学理论与批评已经拓展至不同学科、不同媒介与不同文体。这种一方面为叙述学理论的发展提供了丰富的批评实践空间,因此会反过来促进涉及不同领域分支叙述学的形成与发展;另一方面,则会促使学界对叙述学理论自身的发展进行反思。以小说文体为基础发展起来的叙述学理论必需在各个方面作出调整,在寻求与其他领域叙述理论最大理论公约数的前提下来发展分支叙述学理论。诗歌叙述学的建构与发展即是如此。诗歌叙述学要以诗歌文本特征为基础,借鉴保留叙述学理论与方法中适合于诗歌叙述分析的成分,在如下三个方面加以突出:取消抒情与叙事的二分对立,重新界定内容与形式所指,注重诗歌的隐喻思维特征。这或许是构建诗歌叙述学的起步之基。

Narrative theory and related criticism have been extended to deal with various disciplines,media and narrative forms. It for one thing offers sufficient room for critical practice; for another promotes the formation and development of the narrative theory that comes down to some subfields of narrative studies and makes us reflect on the development of narrative theory. The present narrative theory that is based on fiction entails an accommodation and opens up some subfields for the formation and development of narrative theory on the basis of theoretical potentiality and possibility. Poetic narrative theory is a case in point,which,based on the particular features of poetic text,borrows those fit for the analysis of poetic narrative from narrative theories and methods. To argue about these,three aspects are stressed in the present essay as below: cancel the supposed oppositional dichotomy between lyrical and narrative; redefine the meaning of content and form; and stress the metaphorical poetic features. It might be a good starting point for the construction of poetic narrative theory.