法定犯时代传统罪过理论的突破

The Breakthrough of Traditional Culpability Theory in the Times of Statutory Offenses

我国传统罪过理论可以称为"整罪分析模式"。整罪分析模式强调罪过对象的整体性、罪过形式的单一性和不同罪过之间的对立性。根据传统罪过理论,罪过的对象是以危害结果为核心的客观构成要素的整体,在故意犯罪中所有客观构成要素的罪过形式都是单一的故意,而且故意犯罪中不包括过失,过失犯罪中也容不得故意。在法定犯时代背景下,整罪分析模式的僵化性和机械性越来越凸显出来。要素分析模式强调,罪过的对象是具体的客观构成要素,在故意犯罪中可以有过失,在过失犯罪中也可以有故意,故意与过失之间不是对立关系而是位阶关系。具有灵活性和实用性的要素分析模式不但更好地遵循了罪刑法定原则和责任主义原则,而且更能适应法定犯时代的到来。

The traditional culpability theory of China could be called the offense analysis approach. The offense analysis approach emphasizes the unity of object of culpability, the uniformity of form of culpability, the polarity of different culpabilities. According to traditional culpability theory, the object of culpability is the result--centred whole of the objective elements, and in the intentional crimes, the cul- pabilities of all the objective elements are the intention. And there is no negligence or recklessness in the intentional crimes, no intention in the negligence or recklessness crimes. Under the background of the times of statutory offenses, rigidity and inflexibility of the offense analysis approach becomes more and more obvious. While the element analysis approach emphasizes that the object of culpability is the parti- cular objective element, the recklessness and negligence could exist in the intentional crimes and the in- tention also exists in the negligence and recklessness crimes. The relation between intention and negli- gence or recklessness is not opposite but hierarchical. The element analysis approach characterized by the flexibility and practicability is not only guided by the legality and fault principles, but also adapt to the arrival of the times of statutory offenses.