近圆轨道卫星过顶时间预报的数学模型

The Mathematical Model for Forecasting the over Time of Nearly Round Orbit Satellite

基于近圆轨道卫星的特点,通过理论公式推导,确定卫星星下点轨道,建立近圆轨道卫星过顶时间预报的数学模型.首先依据观察站确定卫星进出观察站接收圈时星下点的经纬度,然后根据该点经纬度与卫星倾斜角推求卫星的升交点或者降交点,最后从升交点或者降交点出发外推不超过1/4周期,两者合并得到整个周期的卫星轨迹推导公式.将模型应用于已知和未知卫星轨道根数的实际军事行动避空侦察中去,与实际检测情况相比误差较小、吻合度较高,说明模型有较好的工程应用价值.

Based on the characteristics of near - circular orbit satellites, the mathematic model of nearly round orbit satellite over time prediction is established by deriving the theoretical basis. First, determining the latitude and longitude which is the satellite accessing to the observation station to receive the circle. Secondly, according to the latitude and longitude and satellite tilt angle to derive intersection or drop point. Finally, from the intersection or drop point extrapolated not more than 1/4 cycle and get the whole cycle of the satellite trajectory derivation formula. The model is applied to the actual military action of known and unknown satellite orbit numbers to evacuate reconnaissance, compared with the actual detection situation, the error is small. The coincidence degree is higher, the model has better engineering application value.