奥巴马政府高等教育入学保障性政策述评

Reviews on Federal Security Policies of Higher Education Entrance by Obama Administration

奥巴马执政八年期间,联邦政府非常重视高等教育入学,出台了系列保障性政策。研究发现,这些保障性政策主要集中在降低高校学费、提高资助力度、扩大入学机会、加强信息供给四个方面,体现出重视少数族裔的受教育权、关注中产及低收入阶层、重塑联邦政府管理权、引导学生加强自我投入等政策特征。这与美国所面临的国际高等教育环境、经济困局、政党诉求及博弈、联邦政府的传统定位以及奥巴马的个人经历密切相关。

During the eight years of the Obama＇ s administration of White House, the federal government has attached great importance to higher education, especially on federal security policies of higher education entrance. It found that, those federal security policies focused on the fields of decreasing tuition, increasing federal aid, expanding higher institu- tions entrance and strengthening information supply, which reflected policy characteristics, such as appreciating the minorities＂ and the middle/low-incomers＇ right to receive higher edu- cation, rebuilding the authority of federal government on higher education management, and leading students to put more effort by themselves. All of these were related with the interna- tional higher education environment, economy dilemma, tradition and gaming of political parties, historical position of federal government in education field, and Obama＇s own expe- rience.