高行健作品中的女性与道

Women and the Tao in Gao Xingjian's Works

海外汉学对高行健作品的研究已经发展到一定的规模,最大的争议点是关于他对女性的描写和塑造。本文探讨高行健小说和戏剧中的哲学维度和性别维度,通过研究其作品中的道与女性之间错综复杂的关系,来展示其深刻的关于女性个体命运的禅悟。在禅的场域里,欲望和两性关系是个体通往禅悟的必经之路,而女性的角色不可避免地与个体的自省和自觉紧紧相连。萨特的"他人是地狱"的命题,着重的是人与社会、人与他者的关系;而高行健的"自我是地狱"的命题,则把对自我的认知看成是当代文学的重要主题。无论是男性还是女性都必须面对自我,反观自我,直面现代社会中自我的空虚和妄念,孤独与绝望,躁动与不安,唯有对自我"幽暗意识"的充分认知,才能够最终走出自我的地狱。高行健对女性的描写往往有意识地挑战传统文化对女性的定义,他非常重视女性不同于男性的生理和心理构造和特质,并由此来探寻个体生存的真实困境。

Research into Gao Xingjian＇s works in sinology overseas has reached a considerable scale, with the dominating argument focusing on his depiction and molding of women. This article explores the philosophical and gender dimensions in his fiction and plays, and looks at the complex relationship between the Tao and femininity in his works in order to reveal his Zen -Buddhist awakening to truth about the fate of individual women. In the Zen Buddhism, desire and man-woman relationship are lhe necessary path that individuals take on their way to the awakening to truth of a Zen-Buddhist kind even though the role of a woman is inevitably and closely connected with the individual＇s self-reflection and self-consciousness. Sartre＇s statement that＇Hell is other people＇ focuses on the relationship between man and society, and between man and others, whereas Gao Xingjian＇s argument that＇hell is self＇ views the cognition of self as an important theme in contemporary literature as a man or a woman has to face himself or herself by reflecting on his or her self and confronting the vacuity and wild fantasy, the solitude and despair, the agitation and restlessness, of self, and it＇ s not till one gains a full cognition of the ＇ dark consciousness＇ of self that one can finally walk out of the hell that is self. Because his depiction of women consciously challenges the definition of femininity as traditionally and cuhurally made, Gao Xingjian puts much emphasis on the physical and psychological construct and qualities of women that differ from those of men＇ s, as a way of exploring the true predicament of individual existence.