深海实潜中下潜人员的心率变异性研究

Research on Heart Rate Variability in Submersible Personnel during Actual Deep-sea Submersible Operation

目的研究深海实潜作业中交感-迷走神经对下潜人员心脏功能的调控作用,为评价潜航员工作负荷提供参考。方法 2名潜航员和3名技术人员(作为乘员)参加实验。每次潜航为1名潜航员操作"蛟龙号"携带1名乘员(技术支持)进行实潜作业,持续时间约11 h。记录他们在潜航前和潜航作业全程的心电图,提取R-R间期,计算心率,并对心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的时域和频域指标进行计算和分析。结果下潜人员的心率都在1 h达到最大并逐渐下降,其中潜航员的心率在1 h^6 h显著高于对照水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),乘员的心率在1 h^4 h显著高于对照水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),之后均恢复到对照水平。相比于对照值,在1 h,10 h,11 h,潜航员的LF/HF升高,HF/TP降低(P<0.01);乘员的SDNN在8 h、9 h和11 h显著高于对照水平(P<0.01)。结论在下潜和上浮阶段,潜航员的交感神经活性升高、迷走神经活性降低,可能与这两个阶段潜航员的工作负荷较高有关。在下潜阶段下潜人员心率的显著升高提示可能存在精神紧张和应激反应。潜航过程中,潜航员的心率逐渐稳定,交感神经兴奋仍有出现,提示在评价潜航员工作负荷时,HRV可能是比心率更敏感的指标。

Objective To investigate the heart rate variability（ HRV） changes and study the automatic nervous system activity of submersible personnel during actual long submersible operation,and so that to assess the workload of pilots. Methods Two submersible pilots and three technicians participated in the experiment. A pilot and a technician who provided technique support took ＂Jiaolong＂submersible in each submersible operation task. Their electrocardiogram（ ECG） before and during the approximately 11 h tasks were recorded. Heart rate（ HR） and some heart rate variability（ HRV） components in time and frequency domains were assessed.Results For all subjects,HR reached its maximum of all data observed at 1 h and then gradually decreased to baseline level; HR was significantly higher than baseline value from 1 h to 6 h in pilots and from 1 h to 4 h in technicians（ P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）. A significant increase in LF/HF and a decrease in HF/TP compared to baseline（ P〈0. 01） in pilots at 1 h,10 h and 11 h（ P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01） were observed. SDNN in technicians increased significantly at 8 h,9 h and 11 h（ P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）. Conclusion During diving and rising,the sympathetic nerve activity increased and the parasympathetic activity decreased in pilots but not in technicians,which might be due to the pilots＇ high workload during these two phases. The significant increase of HR during diving seems to indicate there were stress reactions in subjects. During operation,HR of pilots gradually stabilized but increased sympathetic activity were observed at times,which indicates HRV components might be more sensitive than HR in evaluating workload of submersible pilots.