基于三阶段DEA模型的内蒙古国有林场绩效评价研究

Performance Evaluation of State-Owned Forest Farm in Inner Mongolia Based on Three-Stage DEA Model

基于2014年的内蒙古国有林场的相关数据,运用DEA与SFA相结合的三阶段DEA模型,对内蒙古57个旗县市国有林场剔除环境因素、随机误差影响前后的生产效率进行测度和分析。研究结果表明:生态区位和人力资本因素显著降低了投入松弛程度,能够有效提高国有林场生产效率;交通基础设施因素对降低在职职工人数和林地面积投入松弛影响显著,而对固定资产和营林生产投入松弛影响不显著;制度环境对降低在职职工人数、固定资产和营林生产投入松弛影响显著,而对林地面积投入松弛影响不显著。经过剔除环境和随机因素的影响后,内蒙古各旗县市国有林场整体的生产效率有所提高,但整体水平仍然较低;从空间分布来看,东部地区的国有林场效率相对高于中西部地区。

⑴Background——As an important part of China's forestry management entity,state-owned forest farms play a fundamental and irreplaceable role in improving China's natural environment and improving the level of economic development,which is of great significance to the realization of national forestry modernization and the construction of ecological civilization.However,due to a variety of reasons,China's state-owned forest farms in the operation of long-term business performance and other issues.Therefore,it is necessary to make an objective and accurate evaluation of the performance of China's state-owned forest farms,and provide realistic and theoretical reference for the reform of state-owned forest farms in China.⑵Methods——Data is mainly from Inner Mongolia Forestry Statistical Yearbook which is published by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forestry Department in 2015.Based on the three-stage DEA model,the production efficiency of 57 state-owned forest farms in 57 counties of Inner Mongolia was measured and analyzed.⑶Results——The production efficiency of state-owned forest farms in Inner Mongolia is influenced by environmental factors such as ecological location,traffic infrastructure,institutional environment and human capital.The better the ecological location,the more abundant the human capital of the state-owned forest,will help reduce the relaxation of its inputs;Improvements in the transport infrastructure will result in a reduction in the number of employed workers and the wasteland of forest land,while the improvement in investment in fixed assets and silvicultural production is not significant;The improvement of the institutional environment is conducive to improving the number of employees in employment,fixed assets and silviculture production,and the improvement of investment in forest area is not significant.After eliminating the environmental and stochastic factors,the comprehensive technical efficiency of the vast majority of state-owned forest farms has improved,the scale efficiency has also increased,but the pure technical efficiency has declined,the scale of the state to the decline in the scale of the main decline.Inner Mongolia state-owned forest farm as a whole the level of production efficiency is still low.From the spatial distribution situation,the comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency distribution of state-owned forest farms are basically the same,which shows that the efficiency value of the eastern region is relatively high,while the efficiency value of the central and western regions is relatively low.The state-owned forest farms with diminishing returns on scale show the spatial agglomeration effect,while the state-owned forest farms with increasing returns to scale are spatially distributed.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——The ecological location has a significant effect on the efficiency of the state-owned forest farms.Institutional environmental factors are an effective means to motivate the enthusiasm of employees.The improvement of infrastructure not only requires the investment of state-owned forest farms,but also requires strong financial support from local or central government.The improvement of infrastructure is necessary to improve the performance of state-owned forest farms.For the'double high'state-owned forest,it is necessary to optimize the allocation of resources in all aspects to achieve the further improvement of the efficiency of state-owned forest farms,and for the existence of scale efficiency and low efficiency of state-owned forest farms,we should strengthen the short board to increase the state-owned forest management level,the transformation of state-owned forest farms inefficient situation.