中国木质林产品贸易发展现状与特点分析

Status and Characteristics of China's Wooden Forest Products Trade Development

基于国家林业局发布的《2016中国林业发展报告》和联合国粮食及农业组织发布的《林产品年鉴2014》的数据资料,分析了中国木质林产品贸易发展现状与特点。结果表明:中国木质林产品贸易增长速度快、贸易顺差大、贸易规模大、占世界比重高,是木质林产品贸易世界第一大国,中国木质林产品贸易明显呈现进口原材料、出口制成品的加工贸易特征,产品进口结构和出口结构均高度集中,产品进口市场结构和出口市场结构也比较集中,进口贸易产品价格上升,出口贸易产品附加值低,贸易条件趋于恶化。为此,中国应适度控制木质林产品贸易增长速度和贸易规模,打破"大进大出,两头在外"的加工贸易模式,着力提高国内木材资源供给能力,分散进口木材供应渠道,以质量竞争、品牌竞争取代数量竞争、价格竞争,优化木质林产品进出口贸易产品结构、市场结构,走效益为先的"内涵式发展"道路。

⑴Background——With the increasing economic development,China has became a major countries of wooden forest products trade in the world.Mastering the developmental status and characteristics of China's wooden forest products trade are propitious to work out relevant industry policy and trade policy.⑵Methods——The data for this paper were main from China Forestry Development Report 2016 which published by State Forestry Administration and FAO Yearbook of Forest Products 2014 which published by the U-nited Nations Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO).This paper analyzed the trade actualities and characteristics of China's wooden forest products through the methods of comparative analysis,concentration ratio,net barter terms of trade,etc.⑶Results——Based on the data of China's wooden forest products trade,China's wooden forest products trade has the following characteristics.Firstly,the annual growth rate of wooden forest products imports and exports in China from 1993 to 2015 are 12.52%and 18.45%much higher than in world.Secondly,the scale of wood forest products import and export in China are large and account for a high proportion in the world.Thirdly,China's wooden forest products trade has undergone a process from a trade deficit to a trade surplus.The trade surplus began to expand in 2008 and reached $8.883 billion in 2014,then rose to $14.636 billion in2015,which shows fairly large compared with other countries.Fourthly,importing raw materials and exporting manufactured goods are obviously characteristics of China's wooden forest products trade.Fifthly,the product structures of import and export are highly concentrated.The imports of wooden forest products in China were mainly paper pulp,round wood,sawn wood,recovered paper,paper and paperboard.The products of paper pulp,round wood,sawn wood,recovered paper,paper and paperboard accounted for 90.46% of the total imports of China's wooden forest products in 2015.The exports of wooden forest products in China were mainly furniture,paper and paperboard,woodwork,plywood and fiberboard.The products of furniture,paper and paperboard,woodwork,plywood and fiberboard accounted for 98.11% of the total exports of China's wooden forest products in 2015.Sixthly,the market structures of import and export are also concentrated at a relatively high level.The top 5 import trade partners(included the United States,Canada,Russia,Brazil,Indonesia)for China accounted for 50.15%of total imports,and the top 5 export trade partners(included the United States,Japan,Hong Kong,Britain,Australia)accounted for 48.22% of total exports in 2015.Seventhly,due to the price of imported products rising,the terms of import trade tends to deteriorate.The import products as wood pulp,round wood,sawn wood,recovered paper account for 80.72% of total imports in 2015.Meanwhile,due to the value of export products reducing,the terms of export trade tends to deteriorate.Products with low added value,such as furniture,plywood,fiberboard,account for 54.77%of total exports in 2015.Products with deteriorating terms of export trade,such as furniture,plywood,fiberboard,paper and paperboard,accounted for 86.23%of total exports in 2015.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——China should appropriately control the trade growth rate and trade scale of wooden forest products,and pay attention to the trade balance of wooden forest products.The current mode of processing trade should be changed,because the profits were very little and China was accused of destroying the world's forest resources.China should improve the domestic supply of timber resources,and scatter the supply channels of imported timber.The import and export product structure and market structure also should be optimized.The quantity competition and price competition should be replaced with the quality competition and brand competition.China should take the connotation development path with benefit first.