我国环境行政司法的功能与现状——基于环境保护行政案件二十大典型案例的文本分析

The Function and Status of Environmental Administrative Justice in China——A Textual Review of the Twenty Typical Environmental Protection Administrative Cases

环境行政诉讼是环境行政司法参与环境治理的主要手段。通过回顾最高人民法院公布的两批环境保护行政诉讼典型案例,得出当前环境行政司法表现为诉讼案由单一、上诉率高、原告败诉率高等特点。以功能主义视角分析,发现环境行政司法的实然功能是维护环保部门依法行政、解释环保相关法律法规和推动环保公共事务治理。尽管公众对环境行政司法有巨大的需求,但环境行政司法的实然功能并未发挥有效化解行政争议、充分救济公众程序性环境权利、审判监督环境行政的作用。因此,环境行政司法机制的完善路径主要是将错位的环境行政司法功能重新归位以发挥其应然功能,即增强环境行政司法的解纷功能,防止环境行政管制权怠用和滥用,确保公民环境权利救济的有效性。

Environmental administrative litigation is the main means for environmental administrative justice to be part of environmental governance.Through reviewing the two groups of environmental protection administrative cases published by the Supreme People＇s Court,this paper has found that the current environmental administrative justice has three features,namely singular litigation cause,high appeal rate and high defeat rate on the part of the prosecutor.From the perspective of functionalist analysis,it has been found that the immediate function of environmental administrative justice is to guarantee law-based administration of the environmental protection department,interpret relevant environmental laws and regulations,and promote public environmental governance.Although the public has a huge demand for environmental administration judicature,the immediate function of environmental administrative justice fails to resolve administrative disputes,adequately relieve the public＇s environmental right and judicially supervise environmental administration.Thus,the key to improving the system of environmental administrative judicature lies in restoring the misplaced environmental administrative justice to its expected functions,that is,to enhance dispute resolution of environmental administration judicature,prevent the idle state or abuse of environmental administrative control power,and ensure the effectiveness of the public＇s environmental right support.