对立中的共相:英国浪漫主义诗歌中“美的理型”

Oppositions in Universal:“The Idea of Beauty”in English Romantic Poetry

文章在艺术创造与实践范式确立的张力中探讨诗歌美学具有的重要意义。浪漫派诗人看似在与自然切近,实则是用审美体验具有的形而上的根基统辖相关甚或对立的关系,即在差异性中找到个别属性存在之共相,赋予美以理性内容。诗人在理性与感性之对立中确立"艺术理型",通过"想象性理性"调和感性与理性的对立,实现对诗性生存的追寻;诗人在有限与无限之对立中建构"信念理型",即诗意的信念,揭示自然之启示,建构个体内在的生命特征和灵魂品性;在自爱与他爱的对立中构筑"善之理型",将善之愉悦作为最高追求,完成从动物性本能到德行的提升,达成生存的和谐之美。最后指出,人是诗歌创作的最终目的。诗人从美的探索观照人的生存模态,完成对人的价值判断与确立,也是对目的论美学的实践性延续。

This essay explores the significance of poetic aesthetics in the tension between artistic creation and practical paradigm.Romantic poets seem to get close to nature,but their real purpose is to use the metaphysical foundation of aesthetic experience to govern the related or even opposite relations by finding the universals in the particular attributes and giving beauty the rational content.The poets establish＂the idea of art＂through the opposition between reason and sensibility,reconcile this opposite qualities by＂imaginative reason＂in order to realize the pursuit of poetic existence.In the opposition between the finite and infinite,the poets set up＂the idea of faith＂,namely the poetic faith,to manifest the revelation of nature,construct the inner characteristics and qualities of the soul.＂The idea of goodness＂is built through the opposition between＂self-love＂and＂otherlove＂.It helps to upgrade the animal instinct to moral nature by regarding the pleasure of goodness as the highest pursuit and eventually reach the harmonious beauty of existence.Finally,the paper concludes that mankind is the ultimate purpose of creation.The poets focus on the mode of being by means of the exploration of beauty and complete the judgment and establishment of human value,which is the practical continuation of Kant＇s teleological aesthetics.