基于寡培养可视化的铀污染检测的微生物组合

Monitor uranium contamination using combinatorial microorganisms with visible character based on oligotrophic culture way

为了评估监测铀污染对环境影响程度,为环境治理提供参考依据,本研究通过筛选获得对铀胁迫敏感和抗性的2类微生物,用以响应土壤或水体的铀污染,并考察其对铀污染响应灵敏度。实验筛选得到的红色敏感菌与粉色抗性菌经鉴定分别为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)和玫瑰色考克氏菌(Kocuria rosea),明显的菌落特征实现了微生物检测的可视化与简单化。通过寡培养基的应用,成功地以粘质沙雷氏菌:玫瑰色考克氏菌为1∶2的比例构建了微生物检测体系。经验证,该体系在水体中能够检测出铀的最低浓度约为5 mg·L^(-1),在土壤中能检出的铀浓度高于10 mg·kg^(-1)才有明显效果,表明本微生物组合对于监测水体和土壤铀污染是有效的。该体系为水体和土壤铀污染的微生物监测提供了前期技术基础。同时,寡培养方式的使用为外界因素对微生物的影响的"效果保真培养"提供了一定的参考。

In order to evaluate the effect of uranium contamination on microorganisms in nature,and to provide some reference data for the monitoring of uranium contamination,two kinds of bacteria（ sensitive and resistant）were screened out. Both of them were used to establish a monitoring system to detect uranium pollution in soil and water,and its sensitivity of response to uranium pollution was studied,too. The sensitive bacteria（ Serratia marcescens） exhibited dark red colonies,and the resistant bacteria（ Kocuria rosea） exhibited pink colonies. Using two kinds of bacteria with obvious color difference makes the detection process visible and simple. The monitoring system was established with a ratio of 1 ∶ 2（ S. marcescens to K. rosea） using the oligotrophic culture method. The results show that the response sensitivity of this system to uranium pollution（ i. e.,the lowest detectable concentration of uranium） in water and soil are 5 mg·L^-1and 10 mg·kg^-1,respectively. This indicates that the monitoring system is feasible. This monitoring system provided a preliminary technical foundation for microbial monitoring of uranium. These results also show that oligotrophic culture can maintain the fidelity of environmental effects on the growth of microorganisms.