基于HFACS-MI改进模型的煤矿重特大事故人因分析

Human Factors Analysis of Coal Mine Major Accidents Based on Improved HFACS-MI Model

基于我国2010—2016年间85起煤矿重特大伤亡事故调查分析,改进煤矿人因分析与分类系统(HFACS-MI),对煤矿员工的不安全行为及影响不安全行为的外部因素、组织影响、领导行为及前提条件进行系统研究,在此基础上,运用卡方检验和让步比分析HFACS-MI框架各水平间的内在联系。研究结果表明:在外部因素中,管理因素对我国煤矿重特大事故有着最重要的影响,易引发组织过程漏洞等问题;在组织影响中,资源管理不当是最容易出现的问题,会引发监督不充分和运行计划不恰当等诸多问题;不安全的领导行为主要表现为监督违规,其亦是班组资源管理不当及精神状态差的重要原因;不安全行为发生的主要前提条件为精神状态差,可导致认知差错、决策差错及违规行为;而违章操作是不安全行为中最突出的表现。

Based on the investigation and analysis of 85 major coal mining casualty accidents in China from 2010 to 2016, we conduct human factor analysis and classification system（HFACS-MI） of the improved coal mining, and systematically analyze the unsafe behavior of coal mine employees, the external factors that affect unsafe behavior, organizational influence, leadership behavior and preconditions. On the basis of this, the internal relation between each level of HFACS-MI frame is analyzed by chi-square test and odds ratio. The results of research show that： in the external factors, management factors have the most important impact on China＇s coal mine accidents, and it can easily lead to loopholes in organizational processes and other issues; in organizational influences, poor resource management is the most prone to problems, will lead to inadequate supervision and improper operation plan; leadership behavior mainly for unsafe supervision violations, is an important reason for team resource mismanagement and poor mental state; the main premise of unsafe behavior occurs for poor mental state, it can lead to cognitive errors, decision-making errors and violations; illegal operation is the most prominent in the performance of unsafe behavior.