《银翼杀手》与冷战后期文化相对主义思潮

Blade Runner and the Thoughts of Cultural Relativism in the Late Cold War

通过将经典科幻电影《银翼杀手》分别放置于美国科幻电影、反(越)战电影的序列中加以考察,本文旨在揭示此片的独特意识形态能指,并借此探讨美国冷战后期的文化相对主义思潮。采用文化研究的学术路径并兼以叙事结构分析的研究方法。研究发现,通过黑色电影影像风格所营造的疏离感,以及叙事结构中所隐含的主体性消融这一哲学母题,《银翼杀手》完成了表层表征系统与深层文化能指的统一,并回应了80年代起美国冷战文化中的文化相对主义思潮。通过电影与社会思潮之间的互动分析,文章揭示了以《银翼杀手》为代表的一系列好莱坞电影在冷战后期文化宣传中,因意识形态对峙之缓解而体现出的相对主义要素。

The paper presented a discussion about the thoughts of cultural relativism in the late Cold War in the USA, aiming to reveal the unique ideological signifiers of Blade Runner whether taking it as a science fiction film or anti- war movie. Research methods like cultural study together with narrative structural analysis were adopted. A conclusion was drawn that the movie unifies the surface representative system and the deep cultural signifier and responds the thoughts of cultural relativism in American cold war culture rising in the 1980s via the alienation out of its dark-colored picture style and the subjectivity melting implied in its narrative structure. Through an analysis of the interaction between the movie and the ethos of the time, the paper revealed the relativist elements in cultural communication of Hollywood films represented by Blade Runner in the late Cold War period due to the alleviation of ideological conflicts.