摘要
权力是最为显著的政治现象,同时,也是最为重要的组织要素。在迄今为止的社会运行中,权力都发挥着支配和控制的功能,社会治理出于维护秩序的需要,时时处处求助于权力而实现对社会的支配和控制。但是,权力支配和控制导致了社会治理成本的增长,也陷入了集权与分权的二难选择之中。在工业社会低度复杂性和低度不确定性条件下,社会治理成本的增长还是这个社会能够承受的,集权与分权的纠结也在不断地调整中获得某种平衡。然而,当社会呈现了高度复杂性和高度不确定性的时候,权力运行的这些消极效应就会得到放大,以至于社会难以承受。在全球化和后工业化进程中,一场根本性的社会变革正在发生。但这场变革必须走一条从微观到宏观的道路,需要首先从组织模式变革入手,即实现从官僚制组织向合作制组织的转变。组织模式的变革反映在权力上,就是它不再以组织的基本要素存在,而是因组织任务的需要而临时性地与人联系在一起,也不再是支配和控制力量。
Power is the most significant political phenomenon and also the most important organizational element. In the social operation so far, power has the function of domination and control, so social governance always resorts to it to achieve social domination and control for the purpose of order maintenance. However, the domination and control of power leads to the growth of social governance cost and is also caught in a dilemma of choosing between centralization and decentralization. In the condition of low complexity and low uncertainty of industrial society, the growth of social governance cost is still bearable for society; in the meantime, the tangle of centralization and decentralization can be balanced under constant adjustment. However, when society presents a high degree of complexity and uncertainty, the negative effects of power operation will be amplified so that society can't afford. In the process of globalization and post-industrialization, a fundamental social change is ongoing. But this change must take a path from the micro to the macro, which means we should start from the organizational model change and achieve the transformation from bureaucratic organization to cooperative organization. In terms of power, a change in organizational model means that power does not exist as the essential element in organization or a force of domination and control. Instead, it is temporarily connected with man due to the need of organizing tasks.
作者
张康之
ZHANG Kangzhi(School of Public Administration, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)
出处
《辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
CSSCI
2017年第4期1-10,共10页
Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
中国人民大学科学研究基金项目重大基础研究计划"通过服务型政府建设去完善社会治理体系"(12XNL003)
关键词
权力
集权
分权
民主
组织
power
centralization
decentralization
democracy
organization