政府财政政策、企业R&D投入和专利产出关系研究——基于我国新能源汽车上市公司面板数据

A Study on the Relationship among Fiscal Policy, Enter pr ise R&D Investment and Patent Output:Based on the Panel Data of China's New Energy Automobile Listed Companies

文章主要探讨政府财政政策(税收优惠和政府补贴)、企业R&D投入和专利产出之间的复杂关系,并有针对性地选择我国65个新能源汽车产业上市公司作为样本,通过建立多元线性和非线性模型进行了验证。实证研究表明:(1)企业R&D投入对企业专利产出的影响呈"U型"分布;(2)企业专利产出对企业R&D投入的影响呈"倒U型"分布;(3)政府补贴对企业R&D投入及企业专利产出的影响均呈"倒U型"分布;(4)税收减免政策对企业R&D投入和企业专利产出的正向影响存在特定正向区间;(5)政府财政政策对R&D投资、专利产出起到了正向调节作用,但政府补贴和税收优惠的作用效果存在差异,政府补贴诱导企业研发经费投入的效果更明显,而税收优惠刺激企业专利产出的成效更显著。

Abstract： This paper discusses the complex relationship among fiscal policies （tax preference and government subsidies）, enterprise R＆D investment and patent output. Furthermore, 65 new energy automobile industry listed companies in our country are sampled, and multiple linear and nonlinear models are established to test it. The experimental research shows that： （ 1 ） The influence of enterprise R＆D investment on enterprise patent output is in ＂U＂ distribution; （2） The influence of enterprise R＆D investment on enterprise patent output is in ＂inverted U＂ distribution; （3） The influences of government subsidies on enterprise R＆D investment and enterprise patent output are both in ＂inverted U＂ distribution; （4） The positive influence of taxation reduc- ing policy on enterprise R＆D investment and patent output has a certain positive interval value; （5） Both government subsidies and tax preference play a positive role in regulating R＆D investment and patent output; whereas, the effects are different. Government subsidies produce more obvious effect in motivating enterprise R＆D investment, but the stimulation of preferential tax policy to enterprise patent output is less obvious.