创新型国家科技管理体制的特点及演进趋势

S&T Management Systems of Innovative Countries:Characteristics and Evolving Trends

本文旨在探讨美、英、日、韩等创新型国家科技管理体制的特点及发展趋势,通过国别研究及国家间比较分析,归纳出五大特点和趋势,即在国家最高领导层次加强科技的顶层决策与咨询;强化国家财政科技预算的集中或协调;依决策、执行、监督分立的原则完善科技计划项目管理;增强政府科技创新,促进机构独立性和灵活性;以及加强科技计划和科研机构绩效评估并力求逐步将绩效与预算相结合。密切关注主要国家科技管理体制的发展动向对深化我国科技体制改革具有重要意义。

This paper explores the characteristics and evolving trends of S＆T management systems in major innovative countries, such as US, UK, Japan and South Korea. With multi-country study and comparative analysis, five main features and latest trends are identified, which are useful to China＇s ongoing S＆T management system. These features and trends are： consolidating overall planning and comprehensive coordination at the national highest leader level; enhancing the centralized and coordinated allocation of national S＆T budget; optimizing project management of national S＆T programs by adopting the principle of detachment of decision- making, execute and supervisory functions; strengthening independence and flexibility for governmental agencies to support innovation; emphasizing performance evaluation for government-sponsored S＆T programs and institutions, and seeking to link budget setting with performance evaluation results.