梁漱溟乡村教育实验中的师范教育:陶行知影响视角分析

Normal Education in Rural Education Experiment:An Analysis of Tao Xingzhi's Influence

二十世纪二三十年代,梁漱溟以"中国文化失调和重建理论"为依据,探索乡村教育与建设之路,从广东乡治研究所、河南村治学院实验,到以山东邹平乡村建设研究院为中心的山东乡村教育实验,主持了一场集政治、经济、文化与教育为一体的综合教育改革实验。师范教育是其组成部分之一,而这又深受陶行知晓庄师范学校教育理念及生活教育实践的影响。邹平师范学校体现了师范教育在乡村建设中的地位。同时,南京国民政府对学制体系进行调整,将师范教育的重心由城市转向乡村,并规范了师范教育的办学要求。邹平师范学校正是这一历史场景下山东乡村教育实验带有灵活变动性的一个缩影,并在山东近现代师范教育的历史进程中占据特殊的地位。

In the 1920s and 1930s, Liang Shuming explored the road of rural education and rural construction on the basis of the theory of ＂Chinese culture imbalance and reconstruction＂. He presided over a set of political, economic, cultural and educational reform experiment from Guangdong rural institute, Henan Village School to Zouping Countryside Construction Research Institute---the center of Shandong rural education experiment. Normal education was one of its components, and this was deeply influenced by Tao Xingzhi Xiaozhuang Normal School＇s educational philosophy and life education practice. Zouping Normal School embodied the status of teacher education in rural construction. At the same time, the Nanjing National Government adjusted the school system, and the focus of teacher education was shifted from the city to the village while standardizing the requirements of teacher education. Zouping Normal School is a microcosm of flexible education in Shandong rural education experiment in this historical scene, and it occupies a special status in the historical process of modern teacher education in Shandong.