“社会”为何需要“治理”——西方社会治理问题的起源及其启示

Why Did “Social” Need to Be Governed——The Origin of the“Social Governance” and Its Inspirations

"社会治理"是随着西方现代资本主义的产生而出现的,有两大阶段。第一阶段是转型期治理阶段。近代早期国家的社会治理与市场结合,表现为"济贫"措施,迫使流民适应现代工场制度。第二阶段是工业社会治理阶段。在市场制度确立后,现代国家的社会治理与"社会自我保护反向运动"结合,表现为对市场的不利后果进行限制。近代以来的社会主义运动、福利国家现象、社会政策的内容恰需要放在这个过程中去理解。在对西方社会治理源流问题分析的基础上发现,从"社会管理"向"社会治理"转变需要将政策重点放在"社会保护"上,只有"社会"得到充分保护,中国才能保证经济社会的持续健康发展,也才能跃出"中等收入国家陷阱"。

＂Social governance＂appeared with the rise of the western modern capitalism. It underwent two periods.Firstly,in＂Transformation period＂,Social governance was combined with market economy. By means of poor relieving policy,the refugees were driven to manual workshops. Secondly,in＂Industrial Society period＂,Social governance was combined with＂ social backward movements＂ and restricted the side effects of market. Since modern times, socialist movements,welfare state and social policies need to be understood in the process. The inspirations are：we will focus on＂social backward movements＂in the transformation from the＂social management＂to＂social governance＂policy. Only when society gets adequate protection can we ensure sustainable and healthy economic and social development and jump out of the＂middle-income trap＂.