承包农户耕地转出潜力及空间组织经营模式——基于农户生计资本视角

Potential land transfer-out contracted households,the spatial organization of agricultural management and livelihood capital

承包农户的生计资本状况决定了农户对土地特别是耕地的依赖程度,准确测算农户耕地流转潜力并对其合理有序流转,有利于为培育新型农业经营主体、三产深度融合提供土地基础生产资料。本文以重庆市合川区凤寺村为例,运用可持续生计量化方法测度农户五种生计资本,进而测算耕地转出潜力及其空间分异规律,构建农业空间组织经营模式。研究结果显示:(1)不同生计资本对凤寺村农户耕地转出潜力的贡献差异显著,人力资本、金融资本与社会资本对耕地转出起正向作用,自然资本与物质资本对耕地转出起负向作用;(2)凤寺村村域耕地转出潜力为82.45hm^2,占村域耕地总规模的28.11%,呈现东南部向西北部逐渐递减的空间分异趋势;(3)将凤寺村耕地划分为流转先行区、次行区、末行区三大区域,构建了集生产、加工、销售、服务一体的农业企业带动型(先行区),家庭农场、专业大户辐射型(次行区),农民合作社链接型(末行区)的农业空间组织经营模式。

The livelihood capital standard of contracted households determines their dependence on land, especially cultivated land. Accurately calculating cultivated land transfer-out potential of these households and ordered circulation schemes helps provide a basic means of production of land for developing new types of agricultural management subjects and deepening industrial convergence. Here, we take Fengsi Village in Hechuan district, Chongqing as a case study and use sustainable livelihood quantification to measure the livelihood capital of households, calculate cultivated land transfer-out potential, document understand spatial differentiation, and design differentiated scale management patterns for the agricultural industry of the village. We found significant differences in the contribution of different livelihood capital to land transfer-out potential, among which human capital, financial capital and social capital play positive roles and natural capital and physical capital play negative roles. The whole village＇ s cultivated land transfer- out potential is 82.45hm2 （accounting for 28.11% of the total cultivated land of the village area）, representing a gradual decrease from southeast to the northwest and dividing the village into three cultivated land transfer districts. Specifically, the advance area will be built as an agricultural enterprise drive type integrating production, processing, sales and the service function all-in-one; the secondary area will be built as a family farm and specialized household radial type; and the last stage area will be built as a cooperative link type.