南方型美洲黑杨基因库物候期及生长比较

The Comparison of Phenophase and Growth in Gene Bank of Populus deltoides

以美国不同区域引种的美洲黑杨为材料建立基因库,通过对基因库资源物候期和生长调查发现,基因库资源内存在普遍的遗传变异,遗传多样性丰富。落叶晚的系号比落叶早的系号最长可多60 d左右的生长期;相关分析发现,叶片长、宽、叶宽基距等决定叶片大小的指标与树高和胸径呈负相关,甚至达到显著或极显著水平,说明单个叶片越大越不利于植株材积量增加。正态分布检验结果为树高、叶片长、叶柄长呈显著正态分布(P>0.05),而其他特征虽然不呈显著正态分布(P<0.05),但峰度和偏度值也较低,接近正态分布;基因库资源中不同性状变异系数从11%到29%不等。胸径超出群体均值25%的系号有32个,占到总数的7.13%。总体上,引进的美洲黑杨资源变异丰富,选育潜力巨大。

Gene bank was built by Populus deltoides which were from different regions of United States, through the in- vestigation of phenology and growth,it had a popular variation within the group. The genetic diversity was very rich. It was mainly female plants in the group, it could be more than 60 days on growth period that whose leaves dropped later compared with whose leaves dropped earlier. Correlation analysis showed that leaf length, leaf width, length from the widest part to the base of the leaf were both negative correlation with tree height and diameter,it meant that if the single leaf was larger and the timber volume would be smaller. The tree height, leaf length and petiole length were significant normal distribution（P〉0.05）,and the other characters were not normal distribution（P〈0.05）, but the skewness value and the kurtosis value were mostly close to zero, approximately to a normal distribution. The coefficient of variation of the important characters were from 11% to 29% in the group. There were 32 clones beyond the population mean diame- ter of 25%, this accounted for 7.13% of the total. In general,it was very rich in genetic diversity, these Populus del- toides which were from different regions of United States had a great value in breeding.