钢铁高温作业工人营养健康教育干预效果分析

Intervening effects of nutritional health education on high-temperature operation steel workers

目的探讨营养健康教育对钢铁高温作业工人膳食摄入状况的干预效果。方法采用整群抽样方法,以唐山市某钢铁企业从事高温作业的301名工人为研究对象,采用随机抽签法,分为对照组(149人)和干预组(152人)。于基线膳食调查后,对干预组工人进行为期3个月的营养健康教育,对照组工人不作任何干预。结果干预前,2组工人仅蛋类、油脂类食物和能量的摄入量达标,大部分食物、工间饮水量和主要营养素的摄入量均不达标;干预后,干预组工人谷薯类、蔬菜类、水果类、奶类、大豆类、畜禽类、鱼虾类、盐类、蛋白质、维生素(Vit)B1、Vit B2、Vit C、钾、钠摄入量以及工间饮水量较对照组均有所改善(P<0.05)。干预后干预组工人的班中餐供能比达标率高于对照组(67.8%vs 55.0%,P<0.05)。结论营养健康教育干预可有效改善钢铁高温作业工人的膳食摄入状况。

Objective To evaluate the intervening effect of nutritional health education on the dietary intake on high- temperature operation steel workers. Methods A total of 301 workers engaged in high-temperature operation in a steel enterprise in Tangshan City were selected as study objects by cluster sampling method. They were randomly divided into control group （ 149 cases） and intervention group （ 152 cases） by random sampling method. After a baseline dietary intake survey, the intervention group received nutritional health education for 3 months, and no intervention was given to control group. Results Before the intervention, only the intake of egg, grease and energy were up to the standard. Most of the other foods, water intake during the work break and the intake of essential nutrients were not up to the standard. After the intervention, the intake of cereals, vegetables, fruits, daftT and milk, beans, livestock, fish and shrimp, salt, protein, Vit B1 , Vit B2 , Vit C, kalium, sodium and water intake during the work break were improved compared with control group （P 〈 0. 05 ）. After intervention, the ratio of energy supply of meal during work in the intervention group was higher than that of control group （67.8% vs 55.0%, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The intervention of nutritional health education can effectively improve the status of dietary intake in high-temperature operation steel workers.