高原地区孕妇体力活动强度对新生儿出生体重的影响

Impact of physical activity of pregnant woman on newborn's weight in plateau region

目的探讨高原地区孕妇妊娠期体力活动强度对新生儿出生体重相关指标的影响。方法 2013年6月至2016年6月,在西宁市第二人民医院、大通县妇幼保健计划生育服务中心进行产前检查的孕妇中,纳入无妊娠期合并症或并发症的初产妇作为研究对象。用计步器在妊娠中期和妊娠晚期各监测4天步数,根据每天平均步数分为静坐组、低活跃组、较活跃组和高活跃组。比较4组孕妇的一般情况,及新生儿出生体重相关指标。采用方差分析、χ~2检验和Fisher确切概率法进行统计分析。结果符合纳入条件并监测至分娩的孕妇共418例。妊娠期体力活动不同强度的4组孕妇,其年龄、分娩孕周、妊娠前BMI、妊娠期日均膳食能量摄入量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。比较孕妇分娩前体重,高活跃组低于静坐组和低活跃组[(65.1±8.1)与(69.6±8.3)、(68.4±7.9)kg],较活跃组低于静坐组[(66.5±8.2)与(69.6±8.3)kg],差异均有统计学意义(P值均﹤0.01)。体力活动高度活跃组孕妇所分娩的新生儿,出生体重低于静坐组和低活跃组[(3 358±402)与(3 602±448)、(3 527±436)g],体力活动较活跃组孕妇所分娩新生儿的出生体重也低于静坐组[(3 418±438)与(3 602±448)g],差异均有统计学意义(P值均﹤0.01)。结论妊娠期体力活动强度是新生儿出生体重相关指标的影响因素,指导孕妇合理开展体力活动有助于控制新生儿出生体重,预防巨大儿的发生。

Objective To explore the impact of pregnant women＇s physical activity during pregnancy on newborns＇ weight on plateau region. Methods From June 2013 to June 2016, among the pregnant women who took prenatal care in Xining Second People＇s Hospital or Maternal and Child Health Care and Family Planning Service Center of Datong County, unipara without pregnancy complications were enrolled in this study. Their step counts were monitored for four days in the second and late trimester of pregnancy, respectively. And the pregnant women were divided into sedentary, low active, active and high active groups according to the mean daily steps. The general conditions and indexes related to newborn birth weight of the four groups were compared. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, χ^2 test and Fisher exact test. Results 418 pregnant women were enrolled in this study and were followed up after delivery. There was no statistical difference in the age, gestational age, BMI before pregnancy and average daily dietary energy intake among four groups （P 〉 0.05）. The weight before delivery of high active group was lower than that of sedentary and low active group [ （65.1 ± 8.1） vs （69.6 ± 8.3） and （68.4 ± 7.9） kg, P 〈 0.01 ] ; the weight before delivery of active groups was lower than that of sedentary group [ （66.5 ± 8.2） vs （69.6 ± 8.3） kg, P 〈 0.01 ] . The newborn＇s birth weight of high active group was lower than that of sedentary and low active group E （3 358 ± 402） vs （3 602 ± 448） and （3 527 ± 436） g, P 〈 0.01 ] ; the newbom＇s birth weight of active group was lower than that of sedentary group [ （3 418 ± 438） vs （3 602 ± 448） g, P 〈 0.01 ] . Conclusions The newborn＇s birth weight is related to the degree of maternal physical activity. Appropriate physical activity is helpful to control the newborn＇s birth weight and to prevent macrosomia.