援助有效性与新型发展合作模式构想

Aid Effectiveness and a New Development Cooperation Framework

自从发达国家的官方发展援助体系建立以来,援助是否对经济发展有效就一直是个极具争议性的话题。作者检测了1960—2013年间官方发展援助同发展中国家经济增长之间的关系,发现两者之间没有显著的相关性。援助有效性理论和现实之间的反差反映了现有国际援助体系的三个主要缺陷:资源不足、机制扭曲和碎片化。在此基础上,作者提出了一个新型发展合作模式构想,包括三个部分。第一,在定义上用更包容的发展合作融资概念代替官方发展援助概念,强调多源性、互惠性、自主性。第二,在理念上明确发展途径的多样性和发展目标的差异化。第三,在实施上利用援助、贸易、投资这三驾马车,帮助欠发达国家实现开放式的工业化,进一步融入全球价值链。这个构想不仅可以整合传统的官方发展援助和南南合作模式,同时突出了发达国家和新兴国家在发展合作中各自的比较优势,也有助于厘清南南合作中的模糊概念,为中国对外援助体系的改革提供清晰的理论框架。

The effectiveness of foreign aid has been one of the most controversial issues since the establishment of the official development assistance(ODA) system.We find that there is no significant effect of ODA inflows on developing countries' economic growth between 1960 and 2013.We argue that the ineffectiveness of ODA reflects the inherent weaknesses of the existing international aid system including insufficient resources,distorted incentives,and fragmented allocation.We thus propose a new development cooperation framework consisting of three parts.First,the framework uses a broadly defined development cooperation finance that emphasizes multiple sources,mutual benefits,and country ownership.Second,the framework promotes diverse development paths and differentiated development goals.Third,the framework encourages the integration of aid,investment,and trade,and helps developing countries to pursue open industrialization and engage in global value chain.This framework has an advantage in integrating the ODA system and South-South cooperation,and highlighting comparative advantages of developed and emerging countries in development cooperation.It will also shed light on the reform of China's foreign aid policy.