开孔隔墙隧道内单列高速列车运行空气阻力的数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Air Resistance Generated by a High-Speed Train Passing through a Tunnel with a Perforated Wall

开孔隔墙隧道是一种新型的高速铁路隧道结构型式,与传统结构隧道比较,列车通过时空气动力学性能有较大不同。文章基于一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型及广义黎曼变量特征线法,建立了隧道内列车运行空气阻力分析方法,模拟了不同长度的有开孔隔墙隧道和无隔墙隧道空气阻力最大值和空气阻力平均值的变化规律,得出隔墙隧道可较大幅度地降低空气阻力,速度一定时隧道长度对内置开孔隔墙空气阻力幅值没有影响的结论。文章研究了2 000 m长度内置隔墙隧道的开孔间距、开孔大小和列车运行速度对空气阻力的影响特性,初步探讨了高速列车通过内置开孔隔墙隧道产生空气阻力与压缩波和膨胀波的关系及空气阻力最大值和车速的关系,为今后进一步研究内置开孔隔墙隧道列车空气阻力和该类结构隧道的工程应用提供了一定的基础。

A tunnel with a perforated wall is a new type of high-speed railway tunnel structure, and the aerodynam- ics induced by the passing of a high-speed train through the tunnel will differ from those of traditional tunnel. In this paper, the effects of a perforated wall on the air resistance produced by a high-speed train passing through a tunnel was studied based on the one-dimensional unsteady compressible non-homentropic fluid flow model and the characteristics of the generalized Riemann variables method. The variation laws of the maximum and average values of the air resistance of tunnels of different lengths with or without perforated walls were simulated, and it was con- cluded that a tunnel with a perforated wall may significantly reduce air resistance and that tunnel length does not af- fect the amplitude of air resistance under a certain speed. The effects of hole spacing, hole size and the running speed of a train on air resistance was analyzed for a 2 000 m-long tunnel with a perforated wall. The relationship among the air resistance, compression wave and expansion wave produced by a train passing through a tunnel with a perforated wall are discussed, as well as the relationship between the maximum air resistance and train speed.