水生态承载力评估技术指南初探

Discussion on the Technological Guide of the Water Ecological Carrying Capacity Evaluation

近年来,我国国民经济持续高速发展,但是发展方式较为粗放,严重影响了流域水生态系统健康,部分流域水生态系统已经出现了超载现象。准确评估和优化水生态承载力,有助于为产业结构和空间布局优化调整提供基础依据,能够促进流域生态系统可持续发展。文章明确了水生态系统承载力评估的基本原则和技术流程,提出了从物理、化学和生物等三方面对水生态系统进行问题诊断的技术方法。同时,指出应根据问题识别水生态压力因子,根据承压关系识别支持力因子,采取综合指数法、承压度指数法等两种方法进行承压因子测算和水生态承载状况评估。最后,提出可通过设置不同情景方案,比选得出最优情景,对水生态承载力进行优化调控。

In recent years, Chinese economy has got a rapid and sustainable development, but the development mode is extensive, which has seriously affected the basin water ecosystem health. Part of the basin water ecological system has been overloaded. Accurate assessment and optimization of water ecological carrying capacity can help to adjust the industrial structure and spatial layout, also can promote the sustainable development of the river basin ecosystem. The basic principle and technical process of the water ecological carrying capacity evaluation were clarified in the paper. The technical method of water ecosystem problem diagnosis was also put forward from the physical, chemical and biological perspective. At the same time, it has been pointed out that the water ecological pressure factor should be identified according to the problems, the water ecological support factor should be identified based on the relationships between pressure and support factor. The calculation of the factors and the water ecological carrying capacity assessment can be fulfilled by the comprehensive index method and pressure index method. Finally, it was proposed that the water ecological carrying capacity can be optimized by setting up different scenarios and choosing the best of them.