中江丹参植株中Cd、Pb、Cu的溶剂提取及离子交换去除研究

Study on solvent extracting and ion exchange removal of Cd,Pb and Cu in Zhongjiang Danshen

为深入了解丹参植株根、茎、叶中镉、铅、铜在不同极性溶剂中的溶出特征以及赋存物质,该文采用80%乙醇、去离子水、1.0 mol/L NaCl、2.0%HAc、0.6 mol/L HCl常温提取丹参植株成分并测定提取液中3种金属的含量,分离植株多糖并测定其赋存金属含量。结果显示植株不同部位的3种金属的溶剂提取率差别很大,表明金属在植株的不同部位以多种化学形态存在;丹参多糖赋存镉、铅、铜的比例在3%~30%之间。在形态分析的基础上,为进一步了解丹参有效成分提取过程中3种金属的溶出率和去除方法,以总丹参酮、总黄酮和总酚酸含量为检测指标,采用不同浓度的乙醇和稀碱液提取丹参叶中的成分。结果表明镉、铅、铜的溶出率分别为24%、54%、66%。实验采用离子交换法去除提取液中重金属,pH 6.0上柱吸附、50%乙醇洗涤可去除提取液中80%以上的重金属,有效成分保留90%。离子交换法可有效去除丹参提取物中的重金属。

In order to understand the dissolution characteristics and metal-containing substances of cadmium, lead and copper in roots, stems and leaves of Danshen, 80% ethanol, deionized water, 1.0 mol/L NaC1, 2% HAc, 0.6 mol/L HCl were used to extract the compounds at room temperature. The contents of the three metals in the solution were determined. The polysaccharide of Danshen plant was isolated and its metal content was determined. The results showed that the extraction rate of the three metals in different parts of the plant was very different. This indicates that the metal is present in a variety of chemical forms in different parts of the plant. The polysaccharide deposited cadmium, speciation analysis, the dissolution lead, copper ratio between 3%-30%. On the basis of rate and removal method of the three kinds of metals in theextraction solution of active ingredients of Danshen were studied. The contents of total tanshi- none, total flavonoids and total phenolic acids were used as experimental indexes, and different concentrations of ethanol and dilute alkali solution were used to extract the ingredients of the leaves. The dissolution rates of cadmium, lead and copper were 24%, 54% and 66% in the ex- tracted solution, respectively. And then, the method of ion exchange to remove heavy metals from the extracted solution was studied. At the solution pH 6.0, 50% ethanol can wash the in- gredients from the cation exchange column. More than 80% of the extract of heavy metals can remove and 90% of the active ingredient can retain. The cation exchange method can effectively remove the heavy metals in the extract of Danshen.