依恋类型与学步儿情绪调节策略的发展：一项追踪研究

Toddlers' Attachment Style and Development of Emotion Regulation Strategies: A Longitudinal Study

目的:考察学步儿情绪调节策略使用的基本情况及依恋类型对学步儿情绪调节策略发展的影响。方法:采用陌生情境技术,对63名学步儿1岁和2岁时的依恋类型及情绪调节策略进行评估。结果:(1)整体上,在两个年龄点都表现为学步儿使用的客体调节策略最多,自我调节策略最少。(2)安全型依恋的学步儿自我调节策略使用的总次数边缘显著多于不安全型依恋的学步儿。(3)不同依恋类型的学步儿情绪调节策略在2年内的发展轨迹不同,其中安全型依恋的学步儿自我调节策略在母子分离及重聚情境中均显著增加;不安全型依恋的学步儿积极参与策略在重聚情境中显著增加。结论:重聚情境会激发2岁不安全型依恋的学步儿更多地寻求与母亲的接触;安全的依恋关系有利于学步儿自我调节的发展。

Objective： To illustrate the use of toddlers＇ emotion regulation strategies, and explore the influence of attachment style on the development of emotion regulation strategies among 1-2-year-old toddlers. Methods： Sixty-three toddlers＇ attachment style and emotion regulation strategies were tested in the full version of Strange Situation test at age 1（Time 1）, and emotion regulation strategies were tested in the simplified version of Strange Situation test at age 2（Time 2）.Results：（1）In the strange situation, toddlers used Object Orientation the most and Self-regulatory Strategy the fewest.（2）Secure toddlers＇ Self-regulatory Strategy was marginally significantly higher than insecure toddlers＇ at both Time 1 and Time 2.（3）Toddlers who had different attachment styles showed different developmental trajectories of emotion regulation strategies from 1 to 2 years old. For secure toddlers, Self-regulatory Strategy increased noticeably from 1 to 2 years old. In comparison for insecure toddlers, Positive Social Engagement increased only in mother-present situation. Conclusion：Mother-present situation possibly motivates insecure toddlers to search for more contact with mothers. What＇s more, secure attachment relationship is beneficial to toddlers＇ development of self-regulation.