祁连山南坡不同耕地类型土壤理化特征性分析

Soil physical and chemical properties under different cultivated land types in the south slope of Qilian Mountains

以祁连山南坡生长季裸地、小麦地、燕麦地、油菜地和青稞地为研究对象,分析6种不同类型耕地土壤质地组成、有机质含量和p H值,以期为祁连山水源涵养区土壤资源可持续利用与生态环境保护提供科学依据。研究结果表明:6种耕地类型土壤粒级组成都以粉砂粒为主,裸地土壤质地整体偏细,其次为小麦地、油菜地、青稞地和马铃薯地,燕麦地土壤质地整体偏粗;6种耕地土壤中青稞地土壤有机质含量最高,其次为小麦地、油菜地、马铃薯地、裸地,燕麦地土壤有机质最低;6种耕地土壤都呈碱性,其中青稞地和裸地土壤碱性偏强于小麦地、燕麦地、油菜地和马铃薯地;受耕种方式的影响各耕地类型土壤质地、有机质含量和p H值差异明显,在0~50cm土层采样范围内各耕地类型土壤粒级含量变化杂乱、土壤有机质含量则呈现出不同程度的表聚性、土壤p H值除青稞地呈先增后减趋势外,其余5种耕地类型都基本随采样深度的增加而增大。

In this paper, taking the bare land, wheat land, oat land, rape land and barley land in the southern slope of Qilian Mountains as research object, soil texture composition, organic matter content and pH of different cultivated types were analyzed, to provide scientific basis for sustainable utilization of soil resources and ecological and environmental protection in water conservation areas of Qilian Mountains. The results showed that： all cultivated land types soil gran size composition were mainly composed by silt, the soil texture of bare soil was fine, followed by wheat land, rape land, barley land and potato land, and the soil texture of oat land was coarse than other cultivated land. The soil organic matter of barley land was the highest in all cultivated land, followed by wheat land, rape land, potato land, bare land, and oat land soil organic matter was the lowest. All the cultivated land soils were alkaline, in which the barley and bare land soil alkaline was stronger than that of wheat land, oat land, rape land and potato land. All cultivated land soil texture, organic matter content and pH were significantly influenced by cultivation modes, in the range of 0-50 cm soil layer, the soil particle size of each cultivated land was cluttered, and the soil organic matter content of all cultivated land showed different degree of surface-aggregation properties. The soil pH of all cultivated land increased with the increase of sampling depth except barley land.