极端宗教组织与理性宗教——玛格丽特·阿特伍德“反乌托邦三部曲”的西方宗教危机二重奏

Extreme Religious Groups and Vernunftreligion:Two Origins of the Western Religious Crisis in Margaret Atwood's “Dystopian Trilogy”

9·11事件以来,极端宗教组织与理性宗教分别被视为处于西方世界外部与内部、代表了非理性与理性两个不同世界体系的宗教信仰。加拿大女作家玛格丽特·阿特伍德打破了这一霸权话语。她在"反乌托邦三部曲"中揭示:理性、资本主义制度与宗教极端主观道德的结合催生了崇拜资本的极端宗教组织;理性的缺失又催生了发动恐怖活动的极端形式主义宗教。理性宗教虽然借助理性与客观道德的两两结合避免了极端化的厄运,却由于脱离了宗教感性经验,而与宗教信仰的原始内涵相去甚远。前两者是西方宗教内部的表面危机,后者是西方宗教内部的本源性危机。为此,阿特伍德效仿帕斯卡尔、康德等人,诉诸于"仿佛哲学",即让"善的生活方式"先行于信仰来解决问题。

Since '9.11',Vernunftreligion and extreme religious groups are often regarded as two different religious systems in and out of the western world. Margaret Atwood challenges the authority of that discourse. In her novel series 'Dystopian Trilogy',she demonstrates that the co-operating of rationality,capitalism and extreme individual morality would create extreme religious groups whose focus is on capital only,while lack of reason would lead religion to extreme formalism and terrorism. Though the coordination of rationality and objective morality has helped Vernunftreligion avoid extremism,lack of religious perceptual experience estranges it from the original connotations of faith.