现世与净土之间——论《方丈记》的“闲居”世界

On the Relationships between “Kankyo (a Quiet Life)” and the Pure Land in The Hojoki

鸭长明所著的《方丈记》是日本三大随笔之一,也是中世隐者文学的代表作。其前半部分主要以佛教的无常观为基调描写了发生在都城京都的五大灾害,后半部分则主要依据老庄/隐逸思想描写了山中悠悠自得的"闲居"生活。以往的研究,往往倾向于将《方丈记》的"闲居"定性为老庄的产物,这种思维定式势必干扰对其本质的理解。为阐明《方丈记》中所创作的"闲居"这一文学世界的特殊性,本文通过更为综合性的视角,结合镰仓时代白居易诗文的受容情况,着重探讨了《方丈记》中"闲居"与净土的关系。

The Hojoki,written by Kamo no Chomei,is one of the three Japanese major works representative of medieval hermit literature. The first half of the book mainly describes five disasters in the capital city of Kyoto from the Buddhist impermanent view and the latter half mainly describes'Kankyo'in the mountain on the basis of the hermit idea of Laozi and Zhuangzi. In order to clarify the particularity of 'Kankyo'in the work,this paper mainly discusses the relationship between 'Kankyo'and the Pure Land in The Hojoki from a more integrated point of view,by considering the influence of Bai Juyi's poems during the Kamakura period in Japan.