山东苹果园凹唇壁蜂种群的制约因子分析

Factors limiting Osmia excavata Alfken populations in apple orchards in Shandong Province

【目的】凹唇壁蜂Osmia excavata Alflken是山东苹果园的主要授粉昆虫,明确影响凹唇壁蜂种群的自然因子,对于发挥其传粉生态服务功能有重要意义【方法】本文应用生命表方法,比较研究了山东省6个地点的壁蜂种群参数。【结果】各个地点的成茧率(7.64%~73.84%)和每管成茧数量(0.80~5.56)存在非常大的差异;6个地点的种群趋势指数大于1,变化范围为1.80~11.80;壁蜂种群的致死因子包括卵败育、螨寄生、蜂捕食和自然死亡,排除作用控制指数分别为1.07、1.10、1.03、2.53,各地所有致死因子的排除作用控制指数为1.19~5.50,如果没有寄生、自然死亡等因子,凹唇壁蜂种群将增加19%~450%。【结论】自然死亡是限制山东省果园凹唇壁蜂种群的主要因子,因此需要加强凹唇壁蜂饲养管理,减少其自然死亡率。

[Objectives] To clarify the factors that limit Osmia excavata Alfken, one of the most important insect pollinators of apples in Shandong Province, and therefore maintain this important ecological service. [Methods] Demographic trends of O. excavata populations from 6 locations in Shandong Province were compared using life tables. [Results] There were significant differences in pupation rates （7.64%-73.84%） and numbers of pupae per tube（0.80-5.56）among the 6 locations. All population trend indices were 〉 1, varying from 1.80 to 11.80. The exclusive index of population control （EIPC） of eggs;un-hatched, parasitized, predation and natural death, were 1.07、1.10、1.03、and 2.53, respectively. Total EIPC of the 6 locations varied from 1.19 to 5.50, which indicates that O. excavata populations could potentially increase by 19% to 450%without those lethal factors. [Conclusion] Natural death of O. excavata is the main limiting factor in Shandong orchards, and improving their breeding management can decrease the natural mortality rate.