经济特区的转型治理:国家治理体制变革活性载体的观察--以转换期的深圳经济特区为例

The Transformation Governance of Special Economic Zones: A Study of the Active Carrier of the National Governance System Reformation——Taking Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the Period of Transition as an Example

经济特区是国家治理体制变革的活性载体,承载着"先行先试"的导引功能。以持续变化中的深圳经济特区体制为例,探讨经济特区转型治理的生成逻辑,可能的体制转型方向。从内部原因看,经济特区必然会从"黄金增长期"进入"矛盾凸显期";从外部原因看,"特区不特"的政策效应将日益显现,基于优惠政策而形成的外化竞争力,必须转变为内化式的制度竞争,主要是行政管理体制的竞争,进而立足自身特点培育出新的核心竞争力。从经济特区转型治理的体制变革方向看,治理焦点应从生产要素争夺转向制度体系完善,从低层次的优惠政策"血拼"转向公共服务能力竞争。既然转型治理势在必行,就必须孕育出变革的动力,这需要为地方政府核心行动者"松绑"和"加油"。

The special economic zones are the active carrier of the national governance system reformation.Taking Shenzhen's continuous change as an example, this paper probes into the logic of the transformation governance of the special economic zones, and the possible direction of the system transformation. For the internal reason, the special economic zone will obviously turn into the'period of contradiction'from its'golden growth'. And for the external causes, as the special economic zone gradually loses its policy superiority, the external competitiveness based on the preferential policy should be transformed into the internal institutional competition, mainly the competition of the administrative system, and then develop the new core competitiveness which focuses on its characteristics. From the perspective of the direction of the transformation governance of the special economic zone, the key point of the governance should be the improvement of the system instead of the competition of the production factors, and the competition of the public service instead of the low-tier preferential policy. Now that the transformation governance should be of necessity, there ought to be the motivation for this reformation, which requires that fewer restrictions and more inspiration should be given to the core actors in the local government.